Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms 11
CHAPTER Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 12
A. Research Background 12
B. Identification of Problem 19
C. Research Questions 20
D. Study Objective 20
E. Significance of Study 21
CHAPTER Ⅱ. LITERATURE REVIEW 22
A. Indonesia Village Concept 22
B. Poverty Condition in Indonesia 25
C. Village Fund Program in Indonesia 30
D. Theoretical Perspective 36
1. Poverty Reduction 36
2. Capacity Building 37
3. Transparency 38
4. Partnership 40
5. Financial Support (Village Fund) 41
CHAPTER Ⅲ. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 43
A. Research Design 43
B. Research Framework 43
C. Research Variable and Dimension, Symbol 44
D. Overview of Research Area 44
E. Population and Sample 45
F. Data Collection Techniques 47
G. Data Analysis Tools 48
CHAPTER Ⅳ. DATA ANALYSIS 50
A. Description of Respondent 50
B. Data Analysis Result 52
1. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) 52
2. Reliability Analysis 56
3. Correlation Analysis 57
4. Multiple Regression Analysis 58
5. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) Result 63
CHAPTER Ⅴ. FINDING AND DISCUSSION 64
A. Finding 64
B. Discussion 65
1. Village Fund Program Impacts on Poverty Reduction 66
2. Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of VFP Implementation 66
3. Strategies to overcome the Obstacles in Village Fund Program Implementation 67
CHAPTER Ⅵ. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 69
A. Conclusion 69
B. Recommendation 69
REFERENCES 71
국문요약 (Korean Abstract) 76
Table 1.1. Total Allocation Village Fund Program (2015-2022) 14
Table 2.1. Total and Percentage Poverty People per Province (Urban and Rural Area) 2022 26
Table 2.2. Total and Percentage of Poor People in North Central Timor Regency (2011-2022) 30
Table 2.3. Village typology, SDGs Village and SDGs (UNDP) 34
Table 3.1. Operational Variables and Dimension 44
Table 3.2. Total Population per District (2019-2020) 45
Table 3.3. Target Area Study and Target Respondent 46
Table 4.1. Description of Respondent 50
Table 4.2. Respondent Based on Village 51
Table 4.3. Data Collection Factors and Items 52
Table 4.4. KMO and Bartlett's Test 55
Table 4.5. Variance Explained 55
Table 4.6. Rotated Component Matrix 56
Table 4.7. Reliability Analysis Test 57
Table 4.8. Correlation Analysis 57
Table 4.9. Model Summary 58
Table 4.10. ANOVA 59
Table 4.11. Model Summary 60
Figure 2.1. Village Government Structure 25
Figure 2.2. Indonesia Poverty Gap Index (P1) 2003-2022 28
Figure 2.3. Poverty Severity Index (P2) in Indonesia 2003-2022 28
Figure 2.4. Gini Ratio in Indonesia 2012-2022 29
Figure 2.5. The Flow of Village Fund Transfer with Calculation Formulas 32
Figure 2.6. Priority use of Village Fund 33
Figure 2.7. Relation between VFP, Village SDGs and (UNDP) SDGs 35
Figure 3.1. Research Framework 43
Figure 3.2. Research Location 45