Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 15
1.1. Problem Statement 21
1.2. Purpose of the Study 23
1. To establish the link between ambidextrous leadership and construction project success. 24
2. To investigate the mediating mechanism between ambidextrous leadership and project success. 25
3. To investigate the moderating mechanism between ambidextrous leadership and project success. 25
1.3. Research Questions 26
1.4. Theoretical Foundation 27
1.5. Conceptual Framework 29
1.6. Nature of the Study 33
1.7. Limitations 34
1.8. Significance of the Study 35
1.8.1. Significance to Theory 35
1.8.2. Significance to Practice 36
1.9. Thesis Structure 37
1.10. Summary and Transition 39
Chapter 2. Literature Review 41
2.1. Literature Search Strategy 42
2.2. Literature Review 45
2.2.1. Ambidextrous Leadership 46
2.2.2. Team Absorptive Capacity 49
2.2.3. Team Efficacy 53
2.2.4. Project Complexity 56
2.2.5. Project Success 60
2.3. Hypothesis Development 63
2.3.1. Ambidextrous Leadership and Project Success 63
2.3.2. Ambidextrous Leadership and Team Absorptive Capacity 68
2.3.3. Ambidextrous Leadership and Team Efficacy 71
2.3.4. Team Absorptive Capacity and Project Success 73
2.3.5. Team Efficacy and Project Success 77
2.3.6. The Mediation Effects of Team Absorptive Capacity and Efficacy 79
2.3.7. The Moderation Effect of Project Complexity 82
2.4. Summary and Conclusions 86
Chapter 3. Research Method 89
3.1. Research Design and Rationale 89
3.2. Methodology 91
3.2.1. Population 91
3.2.2. Sampling 93
3.2.3. Instrumentation 93
3.2.4. Procedures for Recruitment, Participation, and Data Collection 100
3.2.5. Questionnaire Screening Criteria 103
3.2.6. Pilot Study 104
3.3. Data Analysis 105
3.3.1. Data Analysis Tools 105
3.3.2. Data Analysis Procedure with Smart PLS 107
3.3.3. Measurement Model 109
3.3.4. Structural Model 114
3.3.5. Mediation Analysis 117
3.3.6. Moderation Analysis 117
3.4. Ethical Consideration 118
3.5. Summary 118
Chapter 4. Results 120
4.1. Pilot Study Results 120
4.2. Demographics 124
4.3. Measurement Model Assessment 127
4.3.1. Reliability Assessment 128
4.3.2. Convergent Validity Assessment 129
4.3.3. Discriminant Validity Assessment 131
4.4. Structural Model Assessment 135
4.5. Hypothesis Testing 141
4.5.1. Direct Effect 141
4.5.2. Mediation Effect 143
4.5.3. Moderation Effect 144
4.6. Summary 155
Chapter 5. Discussion, Implications, and Recommendations 157
5.1. Interpretation of Findings 158
5.1.1. The Impact of Ambidextrous Leadership on Project Success 159
5.1.2. The Impact of Ambidextrous Leadership on Team Absorptive Capacity and Efficacy 160
5.1.3. The Impact of Team Absorptive Capacity and Efficacy on Project Success 163
5.1.4. Interpretation of the Mediation Effects 165
5.1.5. Interpretation of the Moderation Effects 166
5.2. Theoretical Implications 169
5.3. Managerial Implication 173
5.4. Limitations 175
5.5. Recommendations 177
5.6. Conclusion 180
References 184
Appendix: Questionnaire 218
Table 1. Test Parameters for Latent Variables Reliability and Validity Test 114
Table 2. Measurement Model Assessment of the Pilot Study - Reliability Assessment and Convergent Validity Assessment 121
Table 3. Discriminant Validity of Pilot study - Fornell-Larcker Criterion 123
Table 4. Discriminant Validity of Pilot Study - HMTM 124
Table 5. Demographics 126
Table 6. Measurement Model Assessment - Reliability Assessment and Convergent Validity Assessment 129
Table 7. Discriminant Validity - Cross Loadings of Items to Constructs 132
Table 8. Discriminant Validity - Fornell-Larcker Criterion 134
Table 9. Discriminant Validity - HTMT 135
Table 10. Multicollinearity 136
Table 11. R² and Q² of the Structural Model Assessment 138
Table 12. f² (Effective Size) of the Structural Model Assessment 140
Table 13. Results of the Direct Relationships 143
Table 14. Results of the Mediation Relationships 144
Table 15. Results of the Moderation Relationships 150
Figure 1. Hypothesized relationship between ambidextrous leadership and project success. 30
Figure 2. Hypothesized mediators that link ambidextrous leadership and project success 30
Figure 3. Project complexity as a moderator. 32
Figure 4. The hypothesized research model. 85
Figure 5. Measurement model of hypothesized relationships 127
Figure 6. Moderation effect of project complexity on ambidextrous leadership and project success relationship 146
Figure 7. Moderation effect of project complexity on absorptive capacity and project success relationship 148
Figure 8. Moderation effect of project complexity on team efficacy and project success relationship 149
Figure 9. Simple slope analysis of the moderation effect of project complexity on ambidextrous leadership and project success relationship 152
Figure 10. Simple slope analysis of the moderation effect of project complexity on team efficacy and project success relationship 153
Figure 11. Simple slope analysis of the moderation effect of project complexity on team absorptive capacity and project success relationship 154
Figure 12. Hypothesis testing model with results 156