Title Page
Contents
요약 10
1. Introduction 12
2. Methods 17
2.1. Collection and reconstruction of the source profile from previous studies. 17
2.2. PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) model 21
2.3. Sampling site: The Yeongnam Regional Air Environment Research Center 23
2.4. Modeling input data 27
2.5. CBPF (conditional bivariate probability function) & PSCF (potential source contribution function) model 31
3. Results 34
3.1. The averaged source profiles 34
3.2. Source apportionment and contribution assignment of PM₂.₅ in the Yeongnam Region in 2020. 40
3.3. Status of air pollutant emissions around the Yeongnam supersite 57
3.4. Changes in the contribution of PM₂.₅ sources in the southeastern region. 63
4. Conclusion 68
5. References 71
Table 2. 1. Summary of previous studies used in this study. 19
Table 2. 2. Summary of instrumentation being operated at Air Pollution Monitoring Supersites. 26
Table 2. 3. Summary of basic statistics of PMF input data. 29
Table 3. 1. Information of the averaged source profiles from 9 previous studies. 36
Table 3. 2. Average contributions and percentages of apportioned sources in the Southeastern district of air quality in 2020. 46
Table 3. 3. National TMS emission statistics table by pollutant in 2020. 61
Figure 2. 1. An example of using a program (Engauge Digitizer ver 12.1.) that converts source profile figures in previous... 20
Figure 3. 1. Reconstructed average source profiles from 9 previous studies. Vertical bars represent standard deviations of... 35
Figure 3. 2. Comparison of source profiles between the Yeongnam supersite results in 2020 obtained in this study (red circles) vs.... 42
Figure 3. 3. Comparison of PM₂.₅ mass concentrations reconstructed with nine factors from PMF modeling vs. observations. 43
Figure 3. 4. Monthly & Seasonal contributions of apportioned sources to the PM₂.₅ concentrations in the Southeastern district... 51
Figure 3. 5. (a) Map of locations of potential PM₂.₅ and precursors sources. (b) A CBPF & PSCF result plot for factors in the Yeongnam... 56
Figure 3. 6. CAPSS emission by pollutant in 2019. 60
Figure 3. 7. Changes in contribution of PM₂.₅ sources in the southeastern region(Ulsan) from 2014 to 2020 (this study) obtained by PMF (2016.v1: Seoul national university, 2020; 2016.v2: CPAPH, 2020). 66
Figure 3. 8. Changes in the proportions of major chemical components by seasonal PM₂.₅ concentration levels in Ulsan, in 2020. 67