Title Page
Contents
Abstract 11
요약 13
Introduction 15
Materials and methods 17
1. Experimental diets preparation 17
2. Experimental fish and temperature exposure 20
2.1. Chronic temperature stress exposure experiment (Experiment I) 20
2.2. Acute temperature stress exposure experiment (Experiment II) 22
3. Sample collection and analysis 26
3.1. Growth performance 26
3.2. Diet and fish whole body proximate composition analysis 27
3.3. Plasma metabolites analysis 28
3.4. Antioxidant reaction, immune responses and stress responses 29
3.5. Gene expression of liver 30
3.6. Statistical analysis 33
3.7. Ethics Statement 34
Results 35
1. Chronic temperature stress 35
1.1. Growth performance 35
1.2. Whole-body proximate compositions 37
1.3. Plasma metabolites 39
1.4. Antioxidants and immune responses 41
1.5. Stress response 43
1.6. Relative gene expression level of chronic temperature stress exposure 45
2. Acute temperature stress 47
2.1. Plasma metabolites 47
2.2. Antioxidants and immune responses 49
2.3. Stress response 51
2.4. Relative gene expression of acute temperature stress at 30 53
Discussion 55
1. Growth performance 55
2. Plasma metabolites 56
3. Antioxidants, immune responses and stress responses 58
4. Relative gene expression 59
Conclusion 60
Reference 61
Table 1. Formulation and proximate composition of the experimental diets for juvenile olive flounder 18
Table 2. Amino acids in the experimental diets (% in each diet sample) 19
Table 3. Water quality parameters (mean ± SEM) 25
Table 4. List of primers used for liver gene expression 32
Table 5. Growth performance of juvenile olive flounder (initial body weight: 13.6 ± 0.02 g ; mean ± SEM) fed the experimental diets (FM60, FM40, FM20, FM0) for 8 weeks 36
Table 6. Whole-body proximate compositions (%, As-is) of juvenile olive flounder (mean ± SEM) 38
Table 7. Plasma metabolites of juvenile oliveflounder (initial body weight: 13.6 ± 0.02 g ; mean ± SEM) fed the experimental diets (FM60, FM40, FM20, FM0) for 8 weeks 40
Table 8. Antioxidants and immune responses of juvenile olive flounder exposed to chronic temperature stress for 8 weeks (mean ± SEM) 42
Table 9. Stress responses of juvenile olive flounder exposed to chronic temperature stress for 8 weeks (mean ± SEM) 44
Table 10. Relative gene expression of chronic temperature stress exposure (mean ± SEM) 46
Table 11. Plasma metabolites of juvenile olive flounder exposed to acute temperature stress at 30 (mean ± SEM) 48
Table 12. Antioxidants and immune responses of juvenile olive flounder exposed acute temperature stress at 30 (mean ± SEM) 50
Table 13. Stress responses of juvenile olive flounder exposed acute temperature stress at 30℃ (mean ± SEM) 52
Table 14. Relative gene expression of acute temperature stress at 30 (mean ± SEM) 54
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of chronic (Exp. I) and acute (Exp. II) temperature stress exposure set-ups 23
Figure 2. Water temperature records during the chronic temperature stress exposure experiment (Exp. I) 24