표제지
국문초록
목차
제1장 서론 18
1.1. 연구 배경 18
1.2. 연구 목적 22
1.3. 문헌 연구 25
1.3.1. 기어 래틀 소음 25
1.3.2. 기어 치합 소음 29
제2장 트랙터 소음 수준 비교 34
2.1. 연구 대상 트랙터 34
2.2. 기어 래틀 소음 수준 비교 35
2.2.1. 시험 방법 35
2.2.2. 계측 결과 분석 37
2.3. 기어 치합 소음 수준 비교 39
2.3.1. 소음 계측 방법 39
2.3.2. 소음 계측 결과 분석 41
제3장 트랙터 PTO 전동라인의 기어 래틀 소음 저감 44
3.1. PTO 전동라인 개요 44
3.1.1. PTO 전동라인의 기본 구성 44
3.1.2. 연구대상 PTO 전동라인 46
3.1.3. 기어 래틀 소음 영향 인자 49
3.2. 시험 기반 스플라인 백래시의 영향 확인 52
3.2.1. 시험 배경 및 목적 52
3.2.2. 시험 환경 구성 및 계획 54
3.2.3. 시험 결과 결과 56
3.3. 점핑 현상의 주요 인자 분석을 위한 시뮬레이션 61
3.3.1. 시뮬레이션 모델 구성 61
3.3.2. 시뮬레이션 결과 65
3.4. 시험 기반 스플라인 백래시 크기의 영향 분석 86
3.4.1. 시험 계획 86
3.4.2. PTO 전동라인의 동적 거동 분석 89
3.4.3. 고찰 및 분석 97
3.5. 결론 및 고찰 103
3.5.1. 과응답 구간(Phase I)의 응답 분석 103
3.5.2. 과도응답 구간(Phase II)의 응답 분석 109
3.5.3. 저응답 구간(Phase III)의 응답 분석 116
3.5.4. 연구 결과 활용 120
제4장 트랙터 주행 변속부의 기어 치합 소음 저감 122
4.1. 주행 변속부의 기어 치합 소음 122
4.1.1. 기어 치합 소음 원인 122
4.1.2. 기어 전달오차 122
4.1.3. 기어 치합 소음 저감 방안 125
4.2. 기어 매크로 제원 설계 최적화 126
4.2.1. 연구대상 트랙터 126
4.2.2. 기어 전달오차 계산 128
4.2.3. 기어 효율 계산 133
4.2.4. 기어 매크로 제원의 최적화 135
4.3. 실내시험 : 기어 치합 소음 저감 확인 144
4.3.1. 시험 장치 구성 144
4.3.2. 시험 계획 146
4.4. 기어 치합소음 계측 결과 149
4.4.1. 변속기 전체 소음(Overall noise level) 비교 149
4.4.2. 차수 분석(Order tracking analysis) 154
4.4.3. 기어 치합 소음 수준 비교 164
4.5. 결론 및 고찰 183
제5장 결론 185
참고 문헌 191
부록 195
부록 A 195
부록 B 201
Abstract 210
Table. 1. Specification of test tractors 34
Table. 2. Equipment specifications for gear whine noise measurement 40
Table. 3. Specification of engine and PTO driveline 47
Table. 4. Circumferential backlash and P.C.D at each spline couplings 53
Table. 5. Equipment specifications for gear rattle noise measurement 55
Table. 6. Gear rattle noise level according to dynamic behavior change 60
Table. 7. Inertia of each mechanical components 63
Table. 8. Total meshing stiffness and backlash level of spline couplings 64
Table. 9. Change of main excitation component due to spline backlash 72
Table. 10. Changes in main excitation according to spline backlash level 81
Table. 11. Backlash Levels of v spline coupling for additional Lab. test 89
Table. 12. Rotational speed at which phase II occurred 90
Table. 13. Changes in rotational speed fluctuation and sound pressure levels according to jumping phenomenon 102
Table. 14. Quartiles of the rotational speed fluctuation of PTO driving gear at phase I 106
Table. 15. IQR(InterQuartile Range) of the rotational speed fluctuation of PTO driving gear at phase I 108
Table. 16. Quartiles of the rotational speed fluctuation of PTO driving gear at phase II 112
Table. 17. IQR(InterQuartile Range) of the rotational speed fluctuation of PTO driving gear at phase II 113
Table. 18. Quartiles of the rotational speed fluctuation of PTO driving gear in transient response range (Type D) 114
Table. 19. IQR(InterQuartile Range) of PTO driving gear in transient response range (Type D) 115
Table. 20. Quartiles of rotational speed fluctuation at phase III 118
Table. 21. IQR(InterQuartile Range) of rotational speed fluctuation at phase III 119
Table. 22. Specification of research target tractor 127
Table. 23. Coefficients for approximate polynomial function 132
Table. 24. Load conditions for optimization 137
Table. 25. Gear tooth reference profile and accuracy 137
Table. 26. Upper and lower boundary of optimization parameter 139
Table. 27. Optimization result of F gear pair in of F/R shift part 141
Table. 28. Optimization result of 1st gear pair in main shift part[이미지참조] 141
Table. 29. Optimization result of 2nd gear pair in main shift part[이미지참조] 142
Table. 30. Optimization result of 4th gear pair in main shift part[이미지참조] 142
Table. 31. Comparison of PPTE and gear efficiency before and after optimization 143
Table. 32. Specification of measurement system 145
Table. 33. Test condition for gear whine noise measurement 148
Table. 34. Inspection results of test gear precision grade(JIS) 149
Table. 35. Comparison of overall noise level according to gear macro-geometry optimization 153
Table. 36. Order table of harmonic components of F gear and main shift gear pairs (Initial specification). 156
Table. 37. Order table of harmonic components of F gear and main shift gear pairs (Optimized specification). 156
Table. 38. Comparison of noise level of harmonic component of F gear pair 166
Table. 39. Comparison of noise level of harmonic component of main 1st gear pair.[이미지참조] 172
Table. 40. Comparison of noise level of harmonic component of main 2nd gear pair[이미지참조] 176
Table. 41. Comparison of noise level of harmonic component of main 4th gear pair.[이미지참조] 180
Figure. 1. Agricultural tractors for noise level comparison. 35
Figure. 2. Measurement of gear rattle using magnetic pick-up sensor. 36
Figure. 3. Gear rattle phenomenon measurement for PTO driveline. 36
Figure. 4. Comparison of PTO shaft speed for test tractors. 38
Figure. 5. Comparison of acceleration on PTO shaft housing for test tractors. 38
Figure. 6. Tractor driving test for measurement of gear whine noise. 39
Figure. 7. Microphone position from SIP. 40
Figure. 8. Comparison of overall noise level in cabin for target tractors. 41
Figure. 9. Comparison of noise level in cabin for target tractors using 3D color map. 43
Figure. 10. Comparison of gear whine noise for test tractors using order analysis 43
Figure. 11. Various type and configuration of PTO driveline. 45
Figure. 12. Typical PTO driveline configuration of modern tractor. 46
Figure. 13. PTO driveline configuration of research target tractor. 48
Figure. 14. Characteristics of torsional stiffness of torsional damper. 51
Figure. 15. Schematic diagram of tractor PTO driveline used in this study. 52
Figure. 16. Cross-section of PTO clutch and GSP gear of PTO driveline. 53
Figure. 17. Measurement system for gear rattle noise. 54
Figure. 18. Rotational speed response measured in the range of 700 to 1,000 rpm. 57
Figure. 19. Rotational speed measurement result of input shaft and PTO driving gear. 58
Figure. 20. Rotational speed fluctuation and gear rattle noise level of PTO driveline 58
Figure. 21. Configuration of 1D dynamic simulation. 62
Figure. 22. Cantilever beam model of single spline. 63
Figure. 23. Simulation plan for PTO dynamic behavior analysis according to input rotational speed. 65
Figure. 24. 2nd order amplitude according to rotational speed based on lab. test.[이미지참조] 66
Figure. 25. Change of main excitation source magnitude at phase I(700 rpm). 69
Figure. 26. Change of main excitation source magnitude at phase III (1,000 rpm). 71
Figure. 27. Simulation results of relative displacement and collision force of spline coupling at phase I(700 rpm). 75
Figure. 28. Simulation results of relative displacement and collision force of spline coupling at phase III (1,000 rpm). 76
Figure. 29. Simulation plan for PTO dynamic behavior analysis according to spline backlash level. 77
Figure. 30. Simulation results with v spline with 0.10 mm backlash applied. 78
Figure. 31. Simulation results with v spline with 0.50 mm backlash applied. 79
Figure. 32. Simulation results with v spline with 0.90 mm backlash applied. 80
Figure. 33. Simulation results of spline coupling behavior at 900rpm (v spline backlash level : 0.1 mm). 83
Figure. 34. Simulation results of spline coupling behavior at 900rpm (v spline backlash level : 0.5 mm). 84
Figure. 35. Simulation results of spline coupling behavior at 900rpm (v spline backlash level : 0.9 mm). 85
Figure. 36. PTO clutch(friction disk, hub shaft) specimens with adjusted backlash level. 88
Figure. 37. Measurement results of rotational speed of Type A (backlash level : 0.10mm). 91
Figure. 38. Measurement results of rotational speed of Type B (backlash level : 0.50mm). 92
Figure. 39. Measurement results of rotational speed of Type C (backlash level : 0.90mm). 93
Figure. 40. Measurement results of rotational speed of Type D (backlash level : 1.30mm). 94
Figure. 41. Response of PTO driving gear at phase III (970rpm). 96
Figure. 42. Measurement results of rotational speed for input shaft and PTO driving gear. 99
Figure. 43. Gear rattle noise measurements according to spline backlash level. 101
Figure. 44. Measurement results of rotational speed and gear rattle noise at phase I 105
Figure. 45. Box Plots for Dynamic Behavior Analysis. 107
Figure. 46. Box plot of rotational speed fluctuation of PTO driving at phase I. 107
Figure. 47. Measurement results of rotational speed and gear rattle noise at phase II. 110
Figure. 48. Box plot of rotational speed fluctuation at phase II. 112
Figure. 49. Measurement result of rotational speed and gear rattle noise at 870rpm(Type D) 114
Figure. 50. Box plot of rotational speed fluctuation in transient response range(Type D) 115
Figure. 51. Measurement results of rotational speed and gear rattle noise at phase III. 117
Figure. 52. Quartile change in rotational speed fluctuation at 1,000 rpm 119
Figure. 53. Relationship between engine idle rotational speed and jumping phenomenon. 120
Figure. 54. Definition of transmission error of gear pair. 123
Figure. 55. Transfer path of gear whine noise. 125
Figure. 56. Schematic diagram of power shuttle transmission used in this study. 128
Figure. 57. Gear tooth model to calculate gear tooth stiffness. 129
Figure. 58. Procedure of gear-macro geometry optimization. 136
Figure. 59. Flow chart of NSGA-III 138
Figure. 60. Measurement system for gear whine noise. 144
Figure. 61. Lab. test environment for measuring gear whine noise. 145
Figure. 62. Average distribution of tractor speeds. 146
Figure. 63. Speed chart of tractor. 147
Figure. 64. Comparison of overall noise levels in the operation range (59 N·m) 151
Figure. 65. Comparison of overall noise levels in the operation range (147 N·m) 152
Figure. 66. waterfall result of gear noise measurement. 155
Figure. 67. 3D color map result of gear noise measurement. 155
Figure. 68. Order tracking analysis of 10th gear (Initial gear specification, Input load : 147 N∙m).[이미지참조] 158
Figure. 69. Order tracking analysis of 11th gear (Initial gear specification, Input load : 147 N∙m).[이미지참조] 159
Figure. 70. Order tracking analysis of 16th gear (Initial gear specification, Input load : 147 N∙m).[이미지참조] 160
Figure. 71. Order tracking analysis of 10th gear (Optimized gear specification, Input load : 147 N∙m).[이미지참조] 161
Figure. 72. Order tracking analysis of 11th gear (Optimized gear specification, Input load : 147 N∙m).[이미지참조] 162
Figure. 73. Order tracking analysis of 16th gear (Optimized gear specification, Input load : 147 N∙m).[이미지참조] 163
Figure. 74. Resonance frequency of measurement results(10th gear).[이미지참조] 164
Figure. 75. Comparison of 1st harmonic (F gear pair) at 16th gear.[이미지참조] 167
Figure. 76. Comparison of 2nd harmonic (F gear pair) at 16th gear.[이미지참조] 168
Figure. 77. Comparison of 3rd harmonic (F gear pair) at 16th gear.[이미지참조] 168
Figure. 78. Order tracking analysis of F gear pair (1st harmonic component) at resonance frequency of 845.0 Hz.[이미지참조] 169
Figure. 79. Comparison of noise level of F gear pair (1st harmonic component) at 16th gear.[이미지참조] 170
Figure. 80. Order tracking analysis of F gear pair (2nd, 3rd harmonic component) at resonance frequency of 2066Hz.[이미지참조] 171
Figure. 81. Comparison of noise level of F gear pair(2nd, 3rd harmonic component) at 16th gear.[이미지참조] 172
Figure. 82. Comparison of 1st harmonic of Main 1st gear pair.[이미지참조] 173
Figure. 83. Comparison of 2nd harmonic of Main 1st gear pair.[이미지참조] 173
Figure. 84. Order tracking analysis of Main 1st gear pair (1st, 2nd harmonic component) at resonance frequency of 845.0 Hz.[이미지참조] 174
Figure. 85. Comparison of 2nd harmonic components of Main 1st gear pair at resonance frequency of 845.0 Hz.[이미지참조] 175
Figure. 86. Comparison of 1st harmonic (Main 2nd gear pair).[이미지참조] 176
Figure. 87. Comparison of 2nd harmonic (Main 2nd gear pair).[이미지참조] 177
Figure. 88. Order tracking analysis of Main 2nd gear pair (1st, 2nd harmonic component) at resonance frequency of 845.0 Hz.[이미지참조] 178
Figure. 89. Comparison of 2nd harmonic components of Main 2nd gear pair at resonance frequency of 845.0 Hz.[이미지참조] 179
Figure. 90. Comparison of noise level of Main 4th gear pair(1st harmonic component) at 16th gear[이미지참조] 180
Figure. 91. Comparison of noise level of Main 4th gear pair(2nd harmonic component) at 16th gear.[이미지참조] 181
Figure. 92. Order tracking analysis of Main 4th gear pair (1st, 2nd harmonic component) at resonance frequency (845Hz).[이미지참조] 182
Figure. 93. Comparison of 1st harmonic components of Main 4th gear pair at resonance frequency of 845.0 Hz.[이미지참조] 182
Figure. A.1. Order tracking analysis of 10th gear (Initial gear specification, Input load : 59.0 N∙m).[이미지참조] 195
Figure. A.2. Order tracking analysis of 11th gear (Initial gear specification, Input load : 59.0 N∙m).[이미지참조] 196
Figure. A.3. Order tracking analysis of 16th gear (Initial gear specification, Input load : 59.0 N∙m).[이미지참조] 197
Figure. A.4. Order tracking analysis of 10th gear (Optimized gear specification, Input load : 59.0 N∙m).[이미지참조] 198
Figure. A.5. Order tracking analysis of 11th gear (Optimized gear specification, Input load : 59.0 N∙m).[이미지참조] 199
Figure. A.6. Order tracking analysis of 16th gear (Optimized gear specification, Input load : 59.0 N∙m).[이미지참조] 200
Figure. B.1. Inspection result of F driving gear. 201
Figure. B.2. Inspection result of F idle gear. 202
Figure. B.3. Inspection result of F driven gear. 203
Figure. B.4. Inspection result of Main 1st driving gear.[이미지참조] 204
Figure. B.5. Inspection result of Main 1st driven gear.[이미지참조] 205
Figure. B.6. Inspection result of Main 2nd driving gear.[이미지참조] 206
Figure. B.7. Inspection result of Main 2nd driven gear.[이미지참조] 207
Figure. B.8. Inspection result of Main 4th driving gear.[이미지참조] 208
Figure. B.9. Inspection result of Main 4th driven gear.[이미지참조] 209