Title Page

Abstract

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 7

1.1. Background of the Study 7

1.2. Research Objectives and Statement of the Problem 11

1.3. Statement of Hypothesis 11

1.4. Significance of the Study 12

1.5. Scope and Limitation 12

Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature 14

2.1. Theoretical Framework 14

2.2. Poverty and the Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program (4Ps) in the Philippines 18

2.3. Policy Performance 20

2.4. Conditional Cash Transfer Experiences in other Countries 22

2.5. The Saemaul Undong Movement 28

Chapter 3. Methodology 31

3.1. Research Question and Statement of Hypothesis 31

3.2. Data Collection 32

3.3. Profile of the Respondents 34

3.3.A. Program Implementers 34

3.3.B. 4Ps Graduates 34

Chapter 4. Results and Discussions 36

4.1. Number of 4Ps Beneficiaries and Graduates in Region 6 37

4.2. The 4PS Social Case Management Strategy KILOS-UNLAD launch in 2021 41

4.3. Graduation and Exit Procedure 43

4.4. Support Services to the 4Ps graduates along with exited 4Ps beneficiaries 48

4.5. Overall results of the interviewed 4Ps graduated beneficiaries and 4Ps program implementers 53

4.5.A. Effectiveness of DSWD in implementing 4Ps 53

4.5.B. Lack of support services for 4Ps graduates 54

4.5.C. Weaknesses of the programs for 4Ps graduates 57

4.5.D. Overall condition of 4Ps graduates 59

Chapter 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 62

5.1. Conclusion 62

5.2. Policy Implications and Recommendations 64

5.2.A. Linkage of the study to John Kingdon's Policy Windows Theory 67

5.3. Limitations of the Study and Recommendations for Future Research 68

Bibliography 70

Appendix 72

Korean Abstract 79