Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Abbreviations and Acronyms 10
Chapter 1. Introduction 11
1.1. Background 11
1.2. Research Question 15
1.3. Purpose of Research 15
1.4. Significance of the Study 16
Chapter 2. Literature Review 17
2.1. Sustainable Transportation Definition 17
2.2. Previous Research on Sustainable Transportation Assessment 19
2.3. Indicators for Sustainable Transportation Assessment 22
2.4. Conceptual Framework 28
Chapter 3. Methodology 31
3.1. Study Design and Method 31
3.2. Data Sources 32
3.3. Analytical Method 33
Chapter 4. Sustainable Transportation Indicators Selection 36
4.1. Background of Sustainable Transportation in Jakarta 36
4.1.1. Public Transportation in Jakarta 36
4.1.2. Sustainable Transportation in Jakarta 37
4.2. Identifying Potential Sustainable Transportation Indicators 37
4.3. Weighting Sustainable Transportation Factors 43
Chapter 5. Results and Discussion 45
5.1. Result from Users' Group 45
5.2. Results from Experts' Group 47
5.3. Sustainable Transportation Indicators Evaluation 49
5.3.1. Economic Domain 49
5.3.2. Social Domain 54
5.3.3. Environment Domain 57
5.4. Policy Implication 60
5.4.1. Range of Policy Instruments 61
5.4.2. Sustainable Transport Policies 63
Chapter 6. Conclusion 65
6.1. Conclusion 65
6.2. Recommendation 67
6.2.1. Theoretical Implication 68
6.2.2. Practical Implication 69
6.3. Limitation 71
Bibliography 73
Appendices 78
Appendix A - AHP Result (Users' Group) 78
Appendix B - AHP Result (Experts' Group) 79
국문초록 81
Table 1. Table of indicator criterias 25
Table 2. References and definitions of finalized indicators 40
Table 3. Hierarchy value from users' group 46
Table 4. Hierarchy value from experts' group 48
Table 5. Population characteristics in Jakarta 50
Table 6. Road Traffic Quality indicators (2019-2021) 51
Table 7. Attributes of Jakarta's economic growth 53
Table 8. TransJakarta coverage and bus stops features 54
Table 9. Comparison between motorized and non-motorized transport infrastructure in Jakarta 58
Table 10. Indicators of areas of green spaces and parks in Jakarta 59
Table 11. GHG emissions in Jakarta and days of unhealthy air quality 60
Figure 1. Comprehensive sustainable development cited from Gudmundsson (2009), chart by author 18
Figure 2. An example of schematic description of indicator selection process 27
Figure 3. Research method 32
Figure 4. Research framework 35
Figure 5. Selection process for the indicators 38
Figure 6. Hierarchy of sustainable transportation 42
Figure 7. Weight value of sustainable transportation factors from users' group 46
Figure 8. Weight value of sustainable transportation factors from experts' group 49
Figure 9. Consumer Price Index (CPI) of Transportation in Jakarta 52
Figure 10. Number of Yearly TJ Passengers and Operating TJ Fleets 56
Figure 11. Cost of Traffic Accidents in Jakarta (2012-2020) 57