Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 15
1.1. Background 15
1.2. Scope and Objectives 17
Chapter 2. Literature Review 19
2.1. Code Review 19
2.1.1. Flexural design provided by KDS 14 20 20 :2022 19
2.1.2. Shear design provided by KDS 14 20 22 :2022 24
2.1.3. Development length of rebars (KDS 14 20 52 :2022) 26
2.1.4. Flexural strength provided by ACI 318-19 33
2.1.5. Shear strength provided by ACI 318-19 34
2.1.6. Eurocode 2 36
2.2. Literature Review 39
2.2.1. Flexural Test for Low Calcium Fly Ash Concrete Beam (GPC) 39
2.2.2. Shear Test for Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Beams 42
2.2.3. Bond Test for Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete Beams 45
2.2.4. Bond Test for Spliced GFRP Reinforcement Bars in Alkali Activated Cement Concrete 47
Chapter 3. Material Test for Geopolymer Concrete 49
3.1. Properties 49
3.2. Test Results for Compressive Strength of Concrete 51
3.3. Test Results for Flexural Strength of Concrete 54
3.4. Test Results for Tensile Splitting Strength of Concrete 57
3.5. Discussion 59
Chapter 4. Flexural Test for Geopolymer Concrete Beams 61
4.1. Scope and Objectives 61
4.2. Variables and Specimen Details 61
4.3. Test Setup 67
4.4. Material Tests 68
4.5. Test Results 75
4.6. Failure Mode 83
4.7. Strain of Longitudinal Bars 92
4.8. Discussion 93
Chapter 5. Shear Test for Geopolymer Concrete Beams 95
5.1. Scope and Objectives 95
5.2. Variables and Specimen Details 95
5.3. Test Setup 101
5.4. Material Tests 102
5.5. Test Results 104
5.6. Failure Mode 111
5.7. Strain of Stirrups and Longitudinal Bars 126
5.8. Discussion 129
Chapter 6. Lap Splice Test for Geopolymer Concrete Beams 131
6.1. Scope and Objectives 131
6.2. Variables and Specimen Details 133
6.3. Test Setup 142
6.4. Material Tests 143
6.5. Test Results 146
6.6. Failure Mode 159
6.7. Strain of Longitudinal Bars 176
6.8. Discussion 179
Concluding Remarks 181
References 187
국문 초록 190
Table 2-1. variable and coefficient of the stress distribution 22
Table 2-2. variable and coefficient of the stress distribution 23
Table 2-3. Correction factor 27
Table 2-4. Development length of rebar according to design codes 31
Table 2-5. Values of β₁ for equivalent rectangular concrete stess distribution (ACI) 33
Table 2-6. Vc for nonprestressed members (ACI)[이미지참조] 34
Table 2-7. Approximate method for calculating Vc (ACI)[이미지참조] 35
Table 2-8. Comparison between geopolymer and Portland cement (shear) 44
Table 2-9. Comparison between geopolymer and Portland cement (bond) 45
Table 3-1. Mix proportion of geopolymer concrete and normal concrete 49
Table 3-2. Compressive strength of concrete for each aging time (Ø100) 51
Table 3-3. Compressive strength and elastic modulus of the specimen (Ø150) 53
Table 3-4. Flexural strength of concrete (7, 14, 28 days) (MPa) 54
Table 3-5. Comparison between flexural strength and current KDS 56
Table 3-6. Tensile splitting strength of concrete (7, 14, 28 days) (MPa) 57
Table 4-1. Variables of beam flexural tests 62
Table 4-2. Design results of beam flexural tests 65
Table 4-3. Composition of specimens by beam group 69
Table 4-4. Results of concrete compressive strength test by beam group 71
Table 4-5. Results of concrete flexural strength test by beam group 71
Table 4-6. Results of concrete tensile splitting strength test by beam group 72
Table 4-7. Results of the steel tensile test (flexural test) 74
Table 4-8. Summary of flexural test results 82
Table 4-9. Approximate numbers and spacing of cracks 91
Table 5-1. Variables of beam shear tests 97
Table 5-2. Design results of beam shear tests 100
Table 5-3. Compressive strength of specimens 102
Table 5-4. Results of the steel tensile test (shear test) 103
Table 5-5. Summary of shear test results 110
Table 5-6. Approximate numbers and spacing of cracks 125
Table 6-1. Variables of lap splice tests (plan) 134
Table 6-2. Planned and actual value of cover thickness and lap splice length 137
Table 6-3. Variables of lap splice tests (acutal) 138
Table 6-4. Compressive strength of specimens 143
Table 6-5. Rebar tensile test results (lap splice test) 145
Table 6-6. Comparison between results of cross-sectional analysis and test results 154
Table 6-7. Cross-sectional analysis results of 50% required length specimens 156
Table 6-8. Cross-sectional analysis results of 100% required length specimens 157
Table 6-9. Summary of lap splice test results 158
Table 6-10. Approximate numbers and spacing of cracks 175
Figure 1-1. Performance test 17
Figure 2-1. Rectangular stress distribution (EC2) 36
Figure 2-2. Adjacent laps (EC2) 37
Figure 2-3. Percentage of lapped bars in one lapped section (EC2) 38
Figure 2-4. Test setup 39
Figure 2-5. Mid span deflection 40
Figure 2-6. Test setup 42
Figure 2-7. Specimen detail 43
Figure 2-8. Failure mode of specimen (S1-2) 44
Figure 2-9. Cross-section and detail of tested beam. 47
Figure 3-1. Compressive strength of concrete for each aging time (Ø100) 52
Figure 3-2. Stress-strain relationship of concrete (7, 14, 28 days) (Ø150) 53
Figure 3-3. Flexural strength of concrete (7, 14, 28 days) 55
Figure 3-4. Comparison between flexural strength and current KDS 56
Figure 3-5. Tensile splitting strength of concrete (7, 14, 28 days) 57
Figure 3-6. Comparison between tensile splitting strength and ACI 58
Figure 4-1. Flexural specimen detail (F-G1) 64
Figure 4-2. Beam flexural test setup 67
Figure 4-3. Test for compressive strength of concrete specimens 70
Figure 4-4. Steel tensile test 73
Figure 4-5. Results of the steel tensile test (flexural test) 73
Figure 4-6. Moment-deflection relationships of specimens 76
Figure 4-7. Comparison between the peak and nominal moment (Flexural) 81
Figure 4-8. Failure mode of F-N1 84
Figure 4-9. Failure mode of F-G1 85
Figure 4-10. Failure mode of F-G2 86
Figure 4-11. Failure mode of F-G3 87
Figure 4-12. Failure mode of F-G4 88
Figure 4-13. Failure mode of F-G5 89
Figure 4-14. Failure mode of F-G6 90
Figure 4-15. Longitudinal rebar strain 92
Figure 5-1. Shear specimen detail (S-G1, S-G4) 98
Figure 5-2. Beam shear test setup 101
Figure 5-3. Results of the steel tensile test (shear test) 103
Figure 5-4. Shear force-deflection relationships of specimens 105
Figure 5-5. Shear force-deflection relationships of specimens 106
Figure 5-6. Shear force-deflection relationships of specimens 107
Figure 5-7. Comparison between the test results and predictions (Shear) 109
Figure 5-8. Failure mode of S-N1 112
Figure 5-9. Failure mode of S-G1 113
Figure 5-10. Failure mode of S-G2 114
Figure 5-11. Failure mode of S-G3 115
Figure 5-12. Failure mode of S-G4 116
Figure 5-13. Failure mode of S-G5 117
Figure 5-14. Failure mode of S-G6 118
Figure 5-15. Failure mode of S-G7 119
Figure 5-16. Failure mode of S-G8 120
Figure 5-17. Failure mode of S-G9 121
Figure 5-18. Failure mode of S-G10 122
Figure 5-19. Failure mode of S-G11 123
Figure 5-20. Failure mode of S-G12 124
Figure 5-21. Strain of stirrups 127
Figure 5-22. Strain of longitudinal bars 128
Figure 6-1. Bond strength test method of rebar 132
Figure 6-2. Cover thickness of lap splice specimens 135
Figure 6-3. Lap splice specimen detail (L-G1, L-G7) 141
Figure 6-4. Beam flexural test setup 142
Figure 6-5. Rebar tensile test results (shear test) 144
Figure 6-6. Load-deflection curve (D25 rebars) 148
Figure 6-7. Load-deflection curve (D32 rebars) 149
Figure 6-8. Load-deflection curve (cover thickness, ACI 318) 150
Figure 6-9. Load-deflection curve (28 days) 150
Figure 6-10. Comparison between peak and nominal strength (lap splice) 153
Figure 6-11. Comparison between peak and yield strength 155
Figure 6-12. Failure mode of L-N1 160
Figure 6-13. Failure mode of L-N2 161
Figure 6-14. Failure mode of L-G1 163
Figure 6-15. Failure mode of L-G2 164
Figure 6-16. Failure mode of L-G3 165
Figure 6-17. Failure mode of L-G4 166
Figure 6-18. Failure mode of L-G5 167
Figure 6-19. Failure mode of L-G6 168
Figure 6-20. Failure mode of L-G7 169
Figure 6-21. Failure mode of L-G8 170
Figure 6-22. Failure mode of L-G9 171
Figure 6-23. Failure mode of L-G10 172
Figure 6-24. Failure mode of L-G11 173
Figure 6-25. Failure mode of L-G12 174
Figure 6-26. Strain results of longitudinal rebars (bond failure specimens) 176
Figure 6-27. Strain results of longitudinal rebars (L-G7, and G8) 177
Figure 6-28. Strain results of longitudinal rebars (L-G3, G4, G6, G9, G10, G11, and G12) 178