표제지
목차
國文要略 15
제1장 서론 16
1.1. 연구 배경 16
1.2. 연구 목적 및 내용 19
제2장 이론적 배경 21
2.1. 탄소섬유 21
2.2. 도금법 23
2.2.1. 전해도금법 23
2.2.2. 무전해도금법 25
2.3. 히터의 열적 특성 27
2.3.1. 전도 27
2.3.2. 대류 28
2.3.3. 복사 29
2.4. 난방용 히터 현황 31
2.4.1. 발열 히터 31
2.4.2. 전기보일러 및 난방기구 32
제3장 진공관 히터 연구 38
3.1. 탄소섬유 필라멘트 설계 38
3.2. 전극 단자부의 도금 적용 실험 41
3.3. 전극 단자부의 탄소소재 적용 실험 48
3.4. 탄소섬유 고형화 연구 51
3.5. 성능 측정 55
3.5.1. 발열온도 측정 55
3.5.2. 열 지속성 측정 60
3.5.3. 전원 on/off 반복시험(전압변화) 67
3.5.4. 강제 진동에 의한 고형화 유지성능 68
제4장 진공관 히터와 난방제품 제작 및 시험 71
4.1. 진공관히터 제작 71
4.2. 모듈 제작 76
4.2.1. 온풍용 1구 모듈 제작 76
4.2.2. 보일러(온수기)용 3구 모듈 제작 79
4.2.3. 모듈 진동 시험 81
4.3. 보일러(온수기) 제작 및 시험 83
4.3.1. 30L급 온수기 제작 84
4.3.2. 70L급 보일러 제작 89
4.4. 난방제품 제작 및 시험 94
4.4.1. 건조기 제작 94
4.4.2. 온풍기 제작 99
제5장 결론 104
REFERENCES 106
ABSTRACT 112
Table 2.1. Performance comparison between carbon fiber vacuum tube heater and conventional heater 32
Table 2.2. Domestic boiler market size 33
Table 2.3. US water heater and boiler market size 34
Table 3.1. Various types of carbon fiber filaments according to the winding method 39
Table 3.2. Results of electroless plating 47
Table 3.3. Maximum temperature for each sample without binder 57
Table 3.4. Maximum temperature for each sample with binder 57
Table 3.5. Results of test (non applied Sample #1) 61
Table 3.6. Results of test (non applied Sample #2) 62
Table 3.7. Results of test (non applied Sample #3) 63
Table 3.8. Results of test (applied Sample #1) 64
Table 3.9. Results of test (applied Sample #2) 65
Table 3.10. Results of test (applied Sample #3) 66
Table 3.11. Results of Z-axis vibration test 70
Table 4.1. Manufacturing process of vacuum tube heater 71
Fig. 1.1. Corrosion of existing metal sheath heaters 16
Fig. 1.2. Changes in pitch spacing and sagging of vacuum tube carbon heaters 17
Fig. 1.3. Problems caused by inrush current 18
Fig. 2.1. Applications of carbon fiber 22
Fig. 2.2. Application examples of carbon fiber heating elements 22
Fig. 2.3. Principle of electro plating 23
Fig. 2.4. Principle of electroless plating 25
Fig. 2.5. Scale and corrosion of existing sheath heaters 31
Fig. 2.6. Water heater market split table 34
Fig. 2.7. Comparison of market size and market growth for household electric heaters by country 36
Fig. 3.1. Change in terminal position of vacuum tube heater 38
Fig. 3.2. Reagents used in electroless plating 41
Fig. 3.3. Manufacturing process (a) Pretreatment (b) Activation of test specimens for electroless plating process 42
Fig. 3.4. Manufacturing process (a) Copper electroless plating process (b) Nickel electroless plating process 43
Fig. 3.5. SEM image of copper specimen 44
Fig. 3.6. EDX analysis of copper specimen 44
Fig. 3.7. SEM image of copper + nickel specimen 45
Fig. 3.8. EDX analysis of copper + nickel specimen 45
Fig. 3.9. Results of electroless plating with respect to Cu-Ni plating time 46
Fig. 3.10. Results of electroless plating with respect to Ni plating time 47
Fig. 3.11. Ultrasonic processor Fabrication and testing of specimens using carbon materials for electrode terminals (a) ultrasonic processor, (b) graphite sample... 48
Fig. 3.12. Surface resistance of graphite in terms of graphite content 49
Fig. 3.13. Picture of graphite sample, (a) 70 wt % and (b) 80 wt % 50
Fig. 3.14. Surface resistance of graphite + MWCNT in terms of graphite content 50
Fig. 3.15. Durability test of carbon fiber heater 52
Fig. 3.16. Resistance measurement using an oscilloscope 53
Fig. 3.17. Observation of change in pitch spacing 53
Fig. 3.18. Results of repeated feed test 54
Fig. 3.19. Change of heater when used for a long time depending on whether plating is applied or not 55
Fig. 3.20. Observation of change in pitch spacing 56
Fig. 3.21. Temperature data with and without binder application 57
Fig. 3.22. Thermal image for each sample without binder 58
Fig. 3.23. Thermal image for each sample with binder 59
Fig. 3.24. Temperature data with and without binder application 60
Fig. 3.25. Temperature of carbon heater for each count (non applied Sample #1) 61
Fig. 3.26. Temperature of carbon heater for each count (non applied Sample #2) 62
Fig. 3.27. Temperature of carbon heater for each count (non applied Sample #3) 63
Fig. 3.28. Temperature of carbon heater for each count (applied Sample #1) 64
Fig. 3.29. Temperature of carbon heater for each count (applied Sample #2) 65
Fig. 3.30. Temperature of carbon heater for each count (applied Sample #3) 66
Fig. 3.31. Experimental apparatus for power ON/OFF repeated test 67
Fig. 3.32. Test result of voltage change according to cycle change 68
Fig. 3.33. Z-axis vibration test 69
Fig. 3.34. Test result graph: vibration test (Z axis) 69
Fig. 3.35. Test specimen after Z-axis vibration test 70
Fig. 4.1. Plied and winding process 72
Fig. 4.2. High temperature aging treatment 73
Fig. 4.3. Quartz tube processing and tungsten connection 74
Fig. 4.4. Tip sealing and pinch sealing 74
Fig. 4.5. Vacuum treatment and nitrogen filling 74
Fig. 4.6. Sealed and attached with ceramic insulator 75
Fig. 4.7. Final manufactured carbon heater 75
Fig. 4.8. Double bulkhead 1-block module 76
Fig. 4.9. 2D drawing of a 1-block module 77
Fig. 4.10. 3D drawing of a 1-block module 78
Fig. 4.11. Prototype of a 1-block module 78
Fig. 4.12. 2D drawing of a 3-block module 79
Fig. 4.13. 3D drawing of a 3-block module 80
Fig. 4.14. Prototype of a 3-block module 80
Fig. 4.15. X,Y,Z-axis vibration test 81
Fig. 4.16. Test result graph: Vibration test (X,Y,Z axis) 82
Fig. 4.17. A schematic diagram of a boiler (water heater) equipped with a vacuum tube heater 83
Fig. 4.18. 2D drawing of a 30L class water heater 84
Fig. 4.19. 3D drawing of a 30L class water heater 85
Fig. 4.20. Prototype of 30L class water heater 85
Fig. 4.21. Thermal image measurement of 30L class water heater 86
Fig. 4.22. Thermal image of a 30L water heater before operation 87
Fig. 4.23. Thermal image after operation of a 30L water heater 87
Fig. 4.24. Temperature graph of a 30L water heater 88
Fig. 4.25. 2D drawing of a 70L class boiler 89
Fig. 4.26. 3D drawing of a 70L class boiler 90
Fig. 4.27. Prototype of 70L class boile 90
Fig. 4.28. Thermal image measurement of a 70L boiler 91
Fig. 4.29. Thermal image of a 70L boiler before operation 92
Fig. 4.30. Thermal image after operation of a 70L boiler 92
Fig. 4.31. Temperature graph of a 70L boiler 93
Fig. 4.32. 2D drawing of dryer 94
Fig. 4.33. 3D drawing of dryer 95
Fig. 4.34. Prototype of dryer 95
Fig. 4.35. Thermal image measurement of dryer 96
Fig. 4.36. Thermal image of dryer before operation 97
Fig. 4.37. Thermal image of the dryer during operation 97
Fig. 4.38. Thermal image after operation of the dryer 98
Fig. 4.39. Temperature graph of dryer 98
Fig. 4.40. 2D drawing of hot air fan 99
Fig. 4.41. 3D drawing of hot air fan 100
Fig. 4.42. Prototype of hot air fan 100
Fig. 4.43. Thermal image measurement of hot air fan 101
Fig. 4.44. Thermal image of the dryer during operation 102
Fig. 4.45. Thermal image of dryer before operation 102
Fig. 4.46. Thermal image after operation of the dryer 103
Fig. 4.47. Temperature graph of dryer 103