표제지
목차
국문요약 15
1. Introduction 18
1-1. 이론적 배경 18
1-1-1. 난연제의 정의 18
1-1-2. 가교결합에 의한 인계 난연제 30
1-1-3. 인계 난연제 함유 마이크로캡슐화 33
1-1-4. 팽창성 난연제의 마이크로캡슐화 36
1-2. 연구 목적 38
2. Experimental methods 42
2-1. 가교결합형 인계 난연제 42
2-1-1. 시약 및 재료 42
2-1-2. 가교결합형 인계 난연제 제조 42
2-1-3. 일반 특성분석 및 난연성 분석 48
2-2. 인계 난연제를 함유한 마이크로캡슐 53
2-2-1. 시약 및 재료 53
2-2-2. 인계 난연제를 함유한 마이크로캡슐 제조 53
2-2-3. 일반 특성분석 및 난연성 분석 59
2-3. 팽창성 난연제를 함유한 마이크로캡슐 60
2-3-1. 시약 및 재료 60
2-3-2. 팽창성 난연제를 함유한 마이크로캡슐 제조 60
2-3-3. 일반 특성분석 및 난연성 분석 63
3. Results and discussion 64
3-1. 가교결합형 인계 난연제의 합성 및 난연효과 64
3-2. 마이크로캡슐 인계 난연제의 합성 및 난연효과 78
3-3. 난연팽창제 및 혼용 인계 난연제의 합성 및 난연효과 95
4. Conclusions 106
Reference 109
ABSTRACT 119
Table 1. Classification of flame retardants and flame retardant mechanisms 19
Table 2. LOI (limit oxygen index) values of various polymers 50
Table 3. Specific requirement of UL 94V test 52
Table 4. Preparation conditions of core-shell fire retardancy microcapsules 57
Table 5. Preparation conditions of core-shell intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsules 62
Table 6. Preparation of the fire retardancy coating solution by mixing of the synthesized phosphorus flame-retardant powder (FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3) and acryl binders and flammability test 73
Table 7. Preparation of fire retardancy coating solution by mixing of the synthesized phosphorus flame-retardant powder (FR-3, 3.5 g) and natural... 75
Table 8. Preparation of the fire retardancy capsule solution by mixing of the synthesized microcapsule flame-retardant powder (APP M/C-1, APP M/C-2, and APP M/C-3) and acryl binders and flammability test 82
Table 9. Calorific value analysis of synthesized microcapsule flame-retardant powder 90
Table 10. Preparation of the fire retardancy coating solution by mixing of the synthesized intumescent fire retardant (IFR) powder and acryl binders and... 96
Table 11. Preparation of the fire retardancy coating solution by mixing of the synthesized phosphorus flame-retardant microcapsule and intumescent fire... 102
Figure 1. Basic structure of phosphorus-based flame retardants. 24
Figure 2. The flame retardant having the pentaerithritol structure. 25
Figure 3. Mechanism of flame retardants containing phosphorus. 27
Figure 4. Melamine cyanurate structure. 29
Figure 5. Structure of ammonium phosphate-based flame retardant: (a) ammonium phosphate, (b) ammonium polyphosphate. 31
Figure 6. Different types of microcapsules. 35
Figure 7. Synthesis of the advanced flame retardants by reaction of triphosphoric acid and boric acid. 43
Figure 8. Synthesis of the advanced flame retardants by reaction of phytic acid and boric acid. 44
Figure 9. Synthesis of the advanced flame retardants by reaction of polyphosporic acid and boric acid. 45
Figure 10. Preparation of flame retardant coating and flame retardant non-woven fabric. 47
Figure 11. Vertical burning test method. 51
Figure 12. Chemical reagents for preparation of flame retardancy microcapsules. 54
Figure 13. Synthetic mechanism of core materials in emulsion process. 55
Figure 14. Synthetic mechanism of shell materials in encapsulation process. 56
Figure 15. Microcapsulation manufacture with core-APP and shell-melamine. 58
Figure 16. Preparation of urea peroxide. 61
Figure 17. TGA curves of the flame-retardants, (a) triphosphate flame retardant FR-1,(b) Phytic acid flame retardant FR-2, (c) Polyphosporic acid... 67
Figure 18. SEM images of the sample (No. 1 in Table 6). 69
Figure 19. SEM images of the sample (No. 2 in Table 6). 70
Figure 20. SEM images of the sample (No. 3 in Table 6). 71
Figure 21. TGA curves of the samples in Table 7. 76
Figure 22. SEM imagines of the samples (x 500) in Table 7. 77
Figure 23. OM images of emulsions with core-flame retardants (No. 1 in Table 8). 79
Figure 24. DLS data of the core-shall fire retardancy microcapsule (No. 1 in Table 8). The upper is an emulsion, the down is a microcapsule. 80
Figure 25. TGA curves of the samples in Table 8. 84
Figure 26. DSC curves of the samples in APP M/C-1. 86
Figure 27. DSC curves of the samples in APP M/C-2. 87
Figure 28. DSC curves of the samples in APP M/C-3. 88
Figure 29. SEM images of the samples (No.3 in Table 8). 92
Figure 30. SEM images of the samples (No.2 in Table 8). 93
Figure 31. SEM images of the samples (No.3 in Table 8). 94
Figure 32. SEM images of the sample in intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsule. 97
Figure 33. TGA curve of the intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsule. 99
Figure 34. DSC curves of the intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsule. 100
Figure 35. SEM images of the samples (No.5 in Table 11). (a) Intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsule (b) After burning the coated sample. 103
Figure 36. SEM images of the samples (No.6 in Table 11). (a) Intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsule (b) After burning the coated sample. 104
Figure 37. SEM images of the samples (No.7 in Table 11). (a) Intumescent fire retardant (IFR) microcapsule (b) After burning the coated sample. 105