표제지
목차
1. 서론 10
2. 연구 배경 13
2.1. Supercapacitor 13
2.2. Polymer gel electrolyte 17
2.3. Polyampholyte 18
3. 실험방법 19
3.1. Polyampholyte 겔 합성 19
3.2. Polyampholyte 겔 전해질 제조 21
3.3. Self-healing test 방법 22
3.4. Polyampholyte 특성 평가 23
3.5. Supercapacitor 제작 24
3.6. 전기적 및 전기화학적 측정 평가 26
4. 실험 결과 및 고찰 27
4.1. PA-SBF 하이드로겔 전해질의 구조 및 특성 27
4.2. PA-SBF 하이드로겔의 기계적 및 열적 특성 32
4.3. PA-SBF 하이드로겔 전해질의 전기적 특성 37
4.3.1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 37
4.3.2. Polarization (Total ion transference) 45
4.3.3. Conductivity under Bending Stress 47
4.4. PA-SBF electrolyte based EDLC 50
4.4.1. Cyclic voltammetry 50
4.4.3. Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge 55
4.4.4. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 58
4.4.5. Self-healing test 방법 59
5. 결론 61
6. 참고 문헌 62
7. 국문요약 67
Table 1. Concentration of ions in the SBF. 21
Figure 1. Diagram showing the type of supercapacitor. 15
Figure 2. Ragone plots of energy and power density for energy storage devices. 16
Figure 3. The chemical structure of the monomers constructing the polyampholyte copolymers. 19
Figure 4. The chemical structure of the monomers constructing the polyampholyte copolymers, and the illustration of the... 20
Figure 5. Self-healing process of the PA hydrogel. 22
Figure 6. The tensile test of the PA hydrogel, dimensions of the tensile testing dog-bone specimen. 23
Figure 7. Schematic illustration of the activated carbon electrode fabrication process. 24
Figure 8. Schematic illustration of the supercapacitor. 25
Figure 9. Results of FT-IR analysis on NaSS and MPTC. 29
Figure 10. Results of FT-IR analysis on. PA, and PA-SBF. 30
Figure 11. Comparison of FT-IR results of NaSS monomers, MPTC monomers and the SBF saturated polyampholyte hydrogel. 31
Figure 12. The result of characterization. S-S curve. 33
Figure 13. NaCl concentration dependent mechanical property of the PA hydrogel. 34
Figure 14. The result of characterization thermal property/stability from TGA. 36
Figure 15. The measurement set-up and the respective equivalent circuit constructed for impedance analysis. 40
Figure 16. The Nyquist plot obtained from impedance measurement polyampholyte. 41
Figure 17. The Nyquist plot obtained from impedance measurement PA-SBF. 42
Figure 18. The Nyquist plots obtained from impedance measurement for PA-SBF near the average body temperature of adults. 43
Figure 19. Arrhenius plot obtained for PA-SBF. 44
Figure 20. Results of the polarization experiment to examine potential electron leakage. 46
Figure 21. Bending image of the PA-SBF supercapacitor. 47
Figure 22. EIS Nyquist plot of PA-SBF electrolyte at different bending radii. 48
Figure 23. Corresponding conductivity of PA-SBF supercapacitor at different bending radii. 49
Figure 24. Result of PA-SBF potential window measurement. (100 mV s⁻¹) 51
Figure 25. Result of PA-SBF potential window measurement. (10 mV s⁻¹) 52
Figure 26. Results of scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry. 53
Figure 27. Plot of average discharge current vs scan rate. 54
Figure 28. Galvanostatic charge-discharge of PA-SBF. 56
Figure 29. Cycling stability of PA-SBF supercapacitor for 8,000 cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². 57
Figure 30. EIS Nyquist plot of PA-SBF supercapacitor. 58
Figure 31. CV curves of virgin PA-SBF and after healed at 100 mV cm⁻². 59
Figure 32. EIS data of virgin PA-SBF and after healed PA-SBF electrolytes. 60