Title Page
Abstract
초록
Contents
I. Introduction 15
II. Related Works 19
2.1. Positioning Technique 19
2.2. Positioning with Machine Learning 31
2.3. Performance of Positioning and Machine learning 36
III. Location Correction System 43
3.1. Overall Architecture 43
3.2. RF Recognition in 3D 45
3.3. Transformation 3D to 2D 47
3.4. Base Line by Direction Angle 50
3.5. Pattern Classification 54
3.6. Positioning Correction in 3D 57
IV. Implementation and Performance Evaluation 59
4.1. Implementation 59
4.1.1. Broadcasting and Receiving of Sensors 59
4.1.2. Recognition of RF and Dimensional Transformation 62
4.1.3. Baseline Assumptions in Range 65
4.1.4. Machine Learning for Positioning Data 67
4.2. Performance Evaluation 73
4.2.1. Positioning Accuracy Comparison 73
4.2.2. Location Correction System 76
V. Conclusions 80
References 82
Table 4-1. Data Attributes of Sensor Network 60
Table 4-2. Evaluation of Location Correction System Experiment 77
Figure 1-1. Positioning Concept Map in 3D Space 16
Figure 2-1. Passive Positioning Formula 20
Figure 2-2. Euclidean Distance 21
Figure 2-3. Doppler Effect 22
Figure 3-1. Sensor Position in Specific Space 45
Figure 3-2. Coordinates according to Spatial Dimension 47
Figure 3-3. Convert the 3D Position Value to 2D Value 48
Figure 3-4. Two-Dimensional Transformation Method 50
Figure 3-5. Learning Dataset of Two-Dimensional Position Values 52
Figure 3-6. Position Accuracy Correction System Process 54
Figure 4-1. Point on the Positioning Algorithm 61
Figure 4-2. Beacon and Animal Characters Used in Experiment 62
Figure 4-3. Bluetooth Frequency Frame used in Experiment 63
Figure 4-4. Application Scanning Data 64
Figure 4-5. Position Data Distributions Displayed in 2D Coordinates 65
Figure 4-6. Pre-processing Dataset CSV File 67
Figure 4-7. Post-Processing Dataset 68
Figure 4-8. Dataset After Annotation 69
Figure 4-9. Deep Learning Execution Code Part 70
Figure 4-10. Part of Dataset after Deep Learning 71
Figure 4-11. General Positioning Accuracy in WSNs 73
Figure 4-12. Positioning Accuracy by Type of Wavelength 74
Figure 4-13. Correction Accuracy of Location Correction System 78