Five Central Asian countries have inwardly shared historical similarity with common historical and cultural backgrounds since Russian Empire, outwardly have not yet established their outstanding solidarity cooperation which has been needed long time in their region for economic and security cooperation till now. Also the intensity of cooperative solidarity within the region has not been strong enough compared to the other region's cooperation. In spite of geographical proximity, each state has established respectively its own policies based on its different international situations and specialities. In addition, their region's power vaccum can allow U.S.A. and E.U. and the other Western states to found their status in the Post-Soviet period. China, bordered with Kazakhstan, also has taken its economic power more competitive and powerful, added more influence and confusion to this region.
Kazakhstan stands steady for strongly backing the regional solidarity since its independence, different from the other regional states. Its study for foreign policy deals mainly about powerful states' policy because it is geographically situated among the powerful states, with limited national strength and efforts. The strategy for the region only refers to a part of Multi-Vector Policy, claimed by Kazakhstan, and its results and efforts have been underestimated by the relationships under the powerful states such as Russia, China, and U.S.A..
Central Asian states are common in their history of a few centuries ago, so their relationships are closely related to political preference upon their identity elements such as ethnical, cultural,
and geographical resources. Diplomacy in the region including Kazakhstan has set in ideological factors rather than physical environment factors connected with new born states' willingness.
When we investigate multiple interactions and results of the diplomacy for Central Asians, the Analysis of physical environment factors could limit the goal of the investigation. Therefore, we need to further study and newly try beyond the physical environmental approach, so this thesis tries to focus on the ideological factors settled in the surroundings. Accordingly, the goal of the study can look into the followings from a view of constructivism:
1st, characterizing the state identity of Kazakhstan and studying its formation and processing.
2nd, reviewing the proceedings of its diplomacy and policy making over changing times situations.
3rd, setting in tracking down the organic relations between the the state identity of Kazakhstan and its diplomacy.
In the point of view of constructivism, the changing paradigm of foreign policy in a state starts with variable interests of the state and the identity from the collective memory based upon its tradition, oral tradition, and mythology. The identity of the state can provide not only its selective preference but also its strategy's and procedure's and results's rationalization to decide the state's foreign policy.
For further study, to define a state identity has two characterizing aspects; the one essential identity; the other constructive identity. the essential identity refers to Pan-turkism and Islamic elements; the other to Multi-vector policy, Eurasianism, and denuclearization, The two aspects are very important variables to decide the foreign policy of Kazakhstan. To do this job, examine two foreign policies: central asian cooperation on Pan-turkism; denuclearized areas by Kazakhstan.
The foreign policy of Kazakhstan can not neglect its interests and physical environments surrounded by the ideological environments. The state identity affects its foreign policy and diplomatic interests with the other countries. Its constructive identity-Eurasianism, plays a key in multi-ethnic and multi-cultural overcoming roll in the state as well as establishing denuclearized identity to lead denuclearized states as denuclearization areas. As for state security, multi-vector policy connects denuclearized identity with multilateralism.
Before and after its independence, the tolerance of difference was widely adapted into the denuclearization identity in Kazakhstan to make its state identity. Former President Nazarbayev directed Eurasianism into his state and diplomatic policies. Different from Multi-vectorism to claim its equal status in the regionalism, his Eurasianism claimed it was a special ideology for Kazakhstan itself. Mr. Nazarbayev's claim said that Kazakhstan itself became the center and heart of the Eurasia limited in the regional characteritics, That is, Kazakhstan played a main character and the other states have been supporters around Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan appeared as a leader and established its specific identity.
Kazakhstan's foreign policy for Central Asia has been established upon Eurasianism, not upon Multi-vectorism. The denuclearization policy for out-of-the region became a part of its Multi-vectorism and has been established from the Eurasianism initiated by Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan's denuclearization and its procedure and making its denuclearized zone are sure to be taken as the organic interactions for its national interest and identity and environment.