Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Introduction 14
Chapter 1. Determinants of Social Distancing 21
1.1. Introduction 21
1.2. Data collection 25
1.3. My model 35
1.4. Results 35
1.5. Further robustness checks 41
1.6. Discussion in light of the literature 43
1.7. Conclusion, limitation, and outlook 58
Chapter 2. Economic Performance on Policy Stringency 60
2.1. Introduction 60
2.2. Data collection 62
2.3. My model 67
2.4. Results 71
2.5. Further robustness checks 77
2.6. Discussion in light of the literature 86
2.7. Conclusion, limitation, and outlook 88
Chapter 3. Governance Quality on Policy Stringency 90
3.1. Introduction 90
3.2. Literature review and hypothesis 94
3.3. Data collection 97
3.4. My model 103
3.5. Results 112
3.6. Further robustness checks 118
3.7. Discussion 132
3.8. Conclusion, limitation, and outlook 134
Conclusion 136
Reference 141
Appendices 13
Appendix A1. [제목없음] 158
Appendix A1.1. Robustness check of Huynh (2020)'s results with data for an alternative date 158
Appendix A1.2. Sample economies 166
Appendix A2. [제목없음] 171
Appendix A2.1. Sample countries 171
Appendix A3. [제목없음] 176
Appendix A3.1. Sample countries 176
Appendix A3.2. WGI values for 161 sample countries 184
Appendix A3.3. Results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) related to PCA_WGI 189
Appendix A3.4. Results of Factor Analysis (FA) related to FA_WGI 191
Table T1.1. Descriptive statistics 28
Table T1.2. Correlation matrix of Hofstede's culture dimensions 38
Table T1.3. Country-level OLS regression results of policy stringency and Hofstede's national culture on social distancing 39
Table T1.4. Robustness checks: Country-level OLS regression results of policy stringency and Power Distance on social distancing 44
Table T1.5. Robustness checks: Country-level OLS regression results of policy stringency and Individualism on social distancing 46
Table T1.6. Robustness checks: Country-level OLS regression results of policy stringency and Masculinity on social distancing 48
Table T1.7. Robustness checks: Country-level OLS regression results of policy stringency and Uncertainty Avoidance on social distancing 50
Table T1.8. Robustness checks: Country-level OLS Regression Results of policy stringency and Long-term Orientation on Social Distancing 52
Table T1.9. Robustness checks: Country-level OLS Regression Results of policy stringency and Indulgence on Social Distancing 54
Table T2.1. Descriptive statistics of the outcome variable 64
Table T2.2. Descriptive statistics of explanatory variables 65
Table T2.3. Correlation matrix 69
Table T2.4. Regression results: OLS using the quadratic form 73
Table T2.5. Regression results: QR using the quadratic form 74
Table T2.6. Robustness checks: OLS using the quadratic form (estimated for mean) 78
Table T2.7. Robustness checks: QR using the quadratic form (estimated for the 25th percentile)[이미지참조] 80
Table T2.8. Robustness checks: QR using the quadratic form (estimated for the 50th percentile)[이미지참조] 82
Table T2.9. Robustness checks: QR using the quadratic form (estimated for the 75th percentile)[이미지참조] 84
Table T3.1. Descriptive statistics of the outcome variable 99
Table T3.2. Descriptive statistics of explanatory and control variables 102
Table T3.3. Correlation matrix of WGI indicators 106
Table T3.4. Regression results: WGI squared coefficients for all predictors 108
Table T3.5. Robustness checks for additional controls: WGI squared coefficients for all predictors 119
Table T3.6. Robustness checks for monthly data (median): WGI squared coefficients for all predictors 123
Table T3.7. Robustness checks for monthly data (mean): WGI squared coefficients for all predictors 127
Figure F1.1. Mobility related to social distancing at six areas across 80 sample economies 27
Figure F1.2. Social distancing by national culture quartiles across 80 sample economies 34
Figure F2.1. The inverted U-shaped relationship between national income and policy stringency 68
Figure F2.2. The beta coefficients of GNI per capita (log) squared and GNI per capita (log) vary over time 72
Figure F3.1. The relationship between governance quality and policy stringency for the full sample 104
Figure F3.2. The beta coefficients of WGI squared vary over time 113