Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION 9
1.1. Background of Study 9
1.2. Statement of the problem 14
1.3. Research questions 16
1.4. Aim and Objective of the Research 16
1.5. Significance of the study 16
1.6. Scope of the study 18
1.7. Definition of Term 18
CHAPTER TWO. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 19
2.1. Literature Review 19
2.1.1. Causes of kidnapping incidents in Nigeria 19
2.1.2. Actors of kidnapping incidents in Nigeria 20
2.2. Conceptual Framework 21
2.2.1. Concept of Kidnapping 21
2.2.2. Concept of Transformative Actions 22
CHAPTER THREE. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 24
3.1. Research Design 24
3.2. Types of Data 24
3.3. Sources of Data 24
3.4. Data Collection Techniques 24
3.4. Data Analyses Techniques 25
CHAPTER FOUR. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 26
4.1. Trends of Kidnapping Incidents in Northern Nigeria 26
4.2. Causes of Kidnapping in Northern Nigeria 29
4.2.1. Chronic Rate of Unemployment 30
4.2.2. Poverty 32
4.2.3. Political parochialism 33
4.2.4. Terrorism and Insecurity 35
4.2.5. Ungoverned Spaces 37
4.2.6. Illiteracy 39
4.3. Actors of kidnapping incidences in Northern Nigeria 40
4.3.1. The Boko Haram Sect 40
4.3.2. The Armed Bandits 41
4.4. Spatial distribution of kidnapping incidents in Northern Nigeria 42
4.5. Government Response to Kidnapping in Northern Nigeria 44
4.5.1. Anti-Kidnapping Law 44
4.5.2. Military Actions 45
4.5.3. Negotiation 46
4.5.4. Amnesty Program 47
4.6. Is Nigerian Government Response to Kidnapping in Line with Transformative Actions? 49
CHAPTER FIVE. SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 51
5.1. Summary of Research Findings 51
5.2. Conclusion 52
5.3. Recommendation 53
REFERENCES 55
Figure 1. Trend and Spatial Distribution of Kidnapping Incidence in Nigeria 43