표제지
목차
국문요약 15
I. 서론 18
II. 본론 22
2.1. 스프링클러의 이해 22
2.1.1. 스프링클러의 역사 22
2.1.2. 스프링클러의 개요 및 설치대상 23
2.2. 스프링클러 헤드의 분류 및 구조 24
2.2.1. 스프링클러 헤드의 종류 24
2.2.2. 스프링클러 헤드의 형상 26
2.2.3. 스프링클러 헤드 조립과정 28
2.2.4. 스프링클러 헤드 조립과정의 응력 해석 30
2.3. 스프링클러 헤드 설치 및 테스트 규정 32
2.3.1. 위험물안전관리법의 소화설비 설치기준 32
2.3.2. 스프링클러 헤드의 형식승인 및 검정기술기준, 제품검사 시험세칙 34
2.4. 스프링클러 헤드의 부식에 따른 영향 분석 35
2.4.1. 부식의 정의 35
2.4.2. 헤드의 부식 방지방법 38
2.4.3. 헤드 부식에 의한 피해 사례 38
III. 소방시설의 내구연한 44
3.1. 국내 내구연한 제도 44
1) 한국소방산업기술원 44
2) 소방장비 표준규격 및 내구연한에 관한 규정 46
3) 기타 47
3.2. 국외 내구연한 제도 48
1) 미국 기준 49
2) 일본 기준 51
3.3. 설비별 내구연한 53
3.3.1. 내구연한 현황 53
3.3.2. 내구연한 가중치 56
3.3.3. 보정계수 반영 내구연한 제시 65
3.3.4. 내구연한 산정결과 72
IV. 실험 74
4.1. 실험장치 74
4.1.1. 정수압 시험장치 74
4.1.2. 장기누수 시험장치 75
4.1.3. 중량 측정장치 76
4.1.4. X-Ray Compact eco / 형광 X-선 분석기 77
4.1.5. 조기반응형 스프링클러 헤드 79
4.1.6. 부식시험용 강산 MSDS 88
4.2. 실험방법 97
4.2.1. 강산 수용액의 농도에 따른 헤드 부식 측정 97
4.2.2. 헤드 중량 변화 측정 98
4.2.3. 정수압 시험 98
4.2.4. 장기누수 시험 99
4.2.5. 헤드 도금 두께 변화 측정 100
V. 결과 및 고찰 102
5.1. 불산/질산//황산/염산 농도별 반응 현상 분석 102
5.1.1. 불산 농도별 헤드 부식상태 육안측정 102
5.1.2. 질산 농도별 헤드 부식상태 육안측정 111
5.1.3. 황산 농도별 헤드 부식상태 육안측정 119
5.1.4. 염산 농도별 헤드 부식상태 육안측정 126
5.2. 헤드 기밀시험 134
5.2.1. 정수압 시험 결과 134
5.2.2. 장기 누수시험 결과 136
5.3. 헤드 중량 변화 측정 138
5.3.1. 불산 중량 측정결과 138
5.3.2. 질산 중량 측정결과 139
5.3.3. 황산 중량 측정결과 140
5.3.4. 염산 중량 측정결과 141
5.4. 도막 두께 변화 측정 142
5.4.1. 불산 수용액에서 도막두께 측정결과 142
5.4.2. 질산 수용액에서 도막두께 측정결과 145
5.4.3. 황산 수용액에서 도막두께 측정결과 147
5.4.4. 염산 수용액에서 도막두께 측정결과 149
5.5. 스프링클러 헤드의 누수원인 시뮬레이션 151
VI. 결론 및 제언 156
6.1. 결론 156
6.2. 제언 159
참고문헌 163
ABSTRACT 166
Table 1. High sensitivity glass bulb sprinkler head 26
Table 2. Assembly process of sprinkler head 29
Table 3. A factory to install fire extinguishing facilities with fire extinguishing difficulty grade I 32
Table 4. Fire extinguishing equipment for each chemicals 33
Table 5. Durable years of fire fighting facilities by item 47
Table 6. Analysis of durable domestic and foreign regulations 48
Table 7. NFPA 25 inspection cycle table 49
Table 8. FMDS 2-81 inspection cycle table 50
Table 9. Durable cycle of Japan Fire Equipment Industry Association 52
Table 10. Basic durable years of domestic and foreign laws/standards/recommendations 54
Table 11. Recommended durable years of KFPA 55
Table 12. Variable reflecting field conditions 56
Table 13. Survey 1 58
Table 14. Survey 2 59
Table 15. Survey results 61
Table 16. Correction coefficient table 62
Table 17. Correction coefficient table by installation location_automatic fire extinguisher (range) 63
Table 18. Correction coefficient table by installation location_fire alarm (range) 64
Table 19. Calculation of durable years (sprinkler head 1) 66
Table 20. Calculation of durable years (sprinkler head 2) 67
Table 21. Calculation of durable years (sprinkler head 3) 68
Table 22. Calculation of durable years (sprinkler head 4) 69
Table 23. Calculation of durable years (sprinkler head 5) 70
Table 24. Calculation of durable years (sprinkler valve) 71
Table 25. Result of calculation of durable years 72
Table 26. Specification of microelectronic scale 76
Table 27. Specification of X-Ray Compact eco 77
Table 28. Amount of head sample of acid solution 79
Table 29. A head specimen in hydrofluoric acid (1) 80
Table 30. A head specimen in hydrofluoric acid (2) 81
Table 31. A head specimen in nitric acid (1) 82
Table 32. A head specimen in nitric acid (2) 83
Table 33. A head specimen in sulfuric acid (1) 84
Table 34. A head specimen in sulfuric acid (2) 85
Table 35. A head specimen in hydrochloric acid (1) 86
Table 36. A head specimen in hydrochloric acid (2) 87
Table 37. MSDS data of HF 89
Table 38. Physicochemical properties of HF 90
Table 39. MSDS data of HNO₃ 91
Table 40. Physicochemical properties of HNO₃ 92
Table 41. MSDS data of H₂SO₄ 93
Table 42. Physicochemical properties of H₂SO₄ 94
Table 43. MSDS data of HCl 95
Table 44. Physicochemical properties of HCl 96
Table 45. Detailed test facility criteria for sprinkler heads 97
Table 46. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (1) 104
Table 47. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (2) 105
Table 48. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (3) 106
Table 49. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (4) 107
Table 50. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (5) 108
Table 51. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (6) 109
Table 52. Hydrofluoric acid solution corrosion test (7) 110
Table 53. Nitric acid solution corrosion test (1) 113
Table 54. Nitric acid solution corrosion test (2) 114
Table 55. Nitric acid solution corrosion test (3) 115
Table 56. Nitric acid solution corrosion test (4) 116
Table 57. Nitric acid solution corrosion test (5) 117
Table 58. Nitric acid solution corrosion test (6) 118
Table 59. Sulfuric acid solution corrosion test (1) 120
Table 60. Sulfuric acid solution corrosion test (2) 121
Table 61. Sulfuric acid solution corrosion test (3) 122
Table 62. Sulfuric acid solution corrosion test (4) 123
Table 63. Sulfuric acid solution corrosion test (5) 124
Table 64. Sulfuric acid solution corrosion test (6) 125
Table 65. Hydrochloric acid solution corrosion test (1) 128
Table 66. Hydrochloric acid solution corrosion test (2) 129
Table 67. Hydrochloric acid solution corrosion test (3) 130
Table 68. Hydrochloric acid solution corrosion test (4) 131
Table 69. Hydrochloric acid solution corrosion test (5) 132
Table 70. Hydrochloric acid solution corrosion test (6) 133
Table 71. Hydrostatic pressure test results 135
Table 72. Long-term leak test results 137
Table 73. Weight changes in Hydrofluoric acid solution 138
Table 74. Weight changes in nitric acid solution 139
Table 75. Weight changes in sulfuric acid solution 140
Table 76. Weight changes in hydrochloric acid solutions 141
Table 77. Changes of coating thickness in hydrofluoric acid solution 143
Table 78. Changes of coating thickness in nitric acid solution 145
Table 79. Changes of coating thickness in sulfuric acid solution 147
Table 80. Changes of coating thickness in hydrochloric acid solution 149
Table 81. Spring seat/teflon material stress values 152
Fig. 1. History of sprinkler heads. 23
Fig. 2. Structure and description of the heat sensitive part. 27
Fig. 3. High sensitivity sprinkler head cross sectional view. 28
Fig. 4. Stress variation in assembly process. 30
Fig. 5. Stress variation according to the tightening depth of the spring seat. 31
Fig. 6. Corrosion generating mechanism. 36
Fig. 7. Internal and external corrosion of head. 40
Fig. 8. Case of head corrosion in semiconductor process. 41
Fig. 9. Case study on corrosion of head of gas suppression system. 42
Fig. 10. Corrosion in piping. 43
Fig. 11. Durable years of domestic and foreign laws. 53
Fig. 12. Hydrostatic pressure test equipment. 74
Fig. 13. Long-term leak test equipment. 75
Fig. 14. Microelectronic scale. 76
Fig. 15. X-Ray Compact eco. 78
Fig. 16. Head corrosion test scene. 98
Fig. 17. Test-scene (1). 99
Fig. 18. Test-scene (2). 100
Fig. 19. Plating test report sample. 101
Fig. 20. Corrosion tendency (HF). 103
Fig. 21. Corrosion tendency (HNO₃). 112
Fig. 22. Corrosion tendency (H₂SO₄). 119
Fig. 23. Corrosion tendency (HCl). 127
Fig. 24. Normal/leakage products during hydrostatic test. 136
Fig. 25. Cause of leak test (sheet damage). 136
Fig. 26. Cr plating thickness range (HF). 144
Fig. 27. Ni plating thickness range (HF). 144
Fig. 28. Cr plating thickness range (HNO₃). 146
Fig. 29. Ni plating thickness range (HNO₃). 146
Fig. 30. Cr plating thickness range (H₂SO₄). 148
Fig. 31. Ni plating thickness range (H₂SO₄). 148
Fig. 32. Cr plating thickness range (HCl). 150
Fig. 33. Ni plating thickness range (HCl). 150
Fig. 34. STS 301 physical property measurement table. 152
Fig. 35. Ni-Be alloy property measurement table. 153
Fig. 36. Stress change according to STS 301 (23% elongation) tightening depth. 153
Fig. 37. Stress change according to Ni-Be alloy tightening depth. 154
Fig. 38. Stress change according to STS 301 (1% elongation) tightening depth. 155
Fig. 39. Head operation management/method diagram. 162
Fig. 40. Head life cycle process. 162