The generation, propagation, and amplification mechanisms of meteotsunamis along the eastern Yellow Sea coast were investigated, which were anomalously strong in multiple harbors. Novel analysis methods of detection, arrival time, and propagation of meteotsunamis for the development of monitoring systems in the eastern Yellow Sea were introduced in this dissertation. 1 min intervals of meteorological and sea level data were used to examine the link between air pressure disturbances and meteotsunamis. As a result, it was discovered that the pressure-forced meteotsunamis propagated toward the entrance of the harbors located on the propagation path, resulting in additional amplification by harbor resonance after the Proudman resonance amplifying the long waves in the open sea (i.e., double resonance effect).
To understand the generation mechanisms of meteotsunamis in the eastern Yellow Sea, a total of 42 pressure-forced meteotsunami events were classified based on the analysis methods and rigorous criteria. This analysis was performed with the mean sea level pressure and sea-level observations obtained from 89 meteorological stations and 16 tide gauges over the past decade (2010-2019). Interestingly, the meteotsunami occurrences were frequent from March to June (71%), exhibiting a distinct seasonal pattern (spring to early summer). In particular, intense meteotsunamis typically occurred at harbor tide gauges. Most meteotsunamis (88%) and destructive meteotsunamis with a wave height exceeding 40 cm (19%) had dominant period bands of less than 30 min, containing the resonant periods of harbors in the eastern Yellow Sea. Similarly, in the numerical modeling results using a high-resolution atmospheric model and unstructured grid ocean model, additional amplification in multiple harbors (~10² cm) was reproduced, as pre-amplified waves by the Proudman resonance propagate into each harbor entrance from the open sea. In summary, the eastern Yellow Sea is a harbor-meteotsunami-dominated environment, characterized by frequent and local amplification in multiple harbors after the Proudman resonance.