Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms 12
CHAPTER-I. INTRODUCTION 14
1.1. Background of the study 14
1.2. Statement of the problem 17
1.3. Significance of the study 19
1.4. Research hypothesis and question of the Study 20
1.5. Scope 21
1.6. General objective 21
1.6.1. Specific objective 21
CHAPTER-II. LITERATURE REVIEW 22
2.1. Forest cover change/land use land cover rational meaning 22
2.2. Definition of the words for forest resource and importance of forest 23
2.3. Current status of forest resource 25
2.4. Ownership of forest and land redistribution 27
2.5. Key factor of forest land use land cover change 27
2.6. Deforestation and forest degradation in Ethiopia 29
2.7. Forest covers change studies in Ethiopia 32
2.8. Impact of forest covers change 33
2.8.1. Impacts on environment 33
2.8.2. Impact on Livelihood 35
CHAPTER-III. METHODOLOGY 36
3.1. Description of the Study Area 36
3.1.1. Ethiopia 36
3.1.2. Senan district 37
3.1.3. Soil type and land use 38
3.1.4. Vegetation 39
3.1.5. Slope and Climate 39
3.2. Research design 43
3.3. Data collection method 43
3.3.1. Land use land covers data possession 44
3.3.2. Socio-Economic data possession analysis 44
CHAPTER-IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 46
4.1. Land use and land cover change possession 46
4.1.1. Accuracy Assessment 52
4.2. Household survey analysis 55
4.2.1. Main cause of deforestation in study area 58
4.2.2. The effect of deforestation in the study region 60
4.2.3. Source of fuel energy and fuel wood consumption in the study area 62
CHAPTER-V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 66
5.1. Conclusion 66
5.2. Recommendation 68
REFERENCE 70
요약 78
Table2.1. Estimates of area cover of various forest resources in Ethiopia 26
Table2.2. Deforestation and Afforestation/Reforestation by Biome between 2000 and 2013 in Ethiopia 30
Table4.1. Land use land cover change map of Senan district 2005 47
Table4.2. Land use land cover change map of Senan district 2011 48
Table4.3. Land use land cover change map of Senan Woreda 2021 49
Table4.4. Area extent of LULC map of Senan district from 2005-2021 49
Table4.5. LULC change matrix of Senan district from 2005 to 2021 51
Table4.6. Statistical analysis of factor of forest cover change in Senan district 55
Figure2.1. Ethiopia estimated forest type and area in ha 26
Figure2.2. Forest cover change between 2000 and 2013 31
Figure3.1. Map of study area 38
Figure3.2. slope map of study area based on DEM 40
Figure3.3. Mean annual rainfall 41
Figure3.4. Mean monthly rainfall 42
Figure3.5. Mean monthly temperature 42
Figure3.6. Mean annual temperature 43
Figure3.7. overview procedure of the study 45
Figure4.1. LULC map of 2005 46
Figure4.2. LULC map of 2011 47
Figure4.3. LULC map of 2021 49
Figure4.4. Correlation variable of age and forest area status 56
Figure4.5. Forest area clear within 15 year 57
Figure4.6. removal of forest area within 5 years period 58
Figure4.7. Respondents' response the direct cause of forest land degradation study area 59
Figure4.8. Respondents response the underline cause of forest land degradation 60
Figure4.9. Respondents' response the effect of deforestation in the study area 61
Figure4.9.1. source of fuel energy in the study area 63
Figure4.9.2. Focus group discussion and training local people for restoration and management of forest area 64
Figure4.9.3. Relationship of income versus education level 65