표제지
요약
Abstract
목차
제1장 서남해역 해수면 및 수온 특성 분석 28
1.1. 서남해역 물리적 특성 분석 28
1.2. 제주도 주변 수온에 의한 해수면 변화 33
1.3. 서남해역 장기 수온 특성 39
1.4. 서남해역 단기(계절별) 수온 특성 42
제2장 비구조격자 모델 개선 및 서남해역 모델 구축 48
2.1. FVCOM 개요 48
2.2. 비구조격자의 수심 스무딩 기법 개발 및 적용 51
2.3. 모델 입력장(초기장·경계장) 적용 방법 개선 및 매개변수 최적화 연구 57
2.3.1. 모델 입력장(초기장·경계장) 적용 방법 개선 57
2.3.2. 매개변수 최적화 연구 60
2.4. 서남해역 모델 구축 63
2.5. 조석 및 유속 검증 68
2.5.1. 조석 검증 68
2.5.2. 유속 검증 75
2.5.3. 울돌목의 조류 특성 비교 81
2.6. 수온 검증 84
2.6.1. 동계 수온 결과 검증 84
2.6.2. 하계 수온 결과 검증 86
제3장 광역(해류) 효과에 의한 서남해역의 조석 변형 연구 88
3.1. 광역(해류)효과 적용을 위한 nesting 경계 기법 소개 88
3.2. 순압(barotropic)의 nesting 경계 기법 적용 이상 실험 90
3.3. relaxation nesting 경계 기법 적용 모델 구성 94
3.4. 광역 해류 효과에 의한 조석 변형 연구 98
제4장 조석·해류 상호작용에 의한 동·하계 수온 정확도 향상 연구 106
4.1. 조석·해류 상호작용에 의한 표층 수온 정확도 분석 107
4.1.1. 동계 표층 수온 모의 결과 분석 107
4.1.2. 하계 표층 수온 모의 결과 분석 116
4.2. 계절별 수온 성층 변화에 미치는 조석·해류 영향 분석 125
4.2.1. 하계 수온 성층 결과 분석 125
4.2.2. 동계 수온 성층 결과 분석 131
제5장 종합 토의 135
참고문헌 142
Table 1. Sea level rise rate in Jeju and Seogwipo tide station. 30
Table 2. Model verification for tide-level. 74
Table 3. Amplitude and phase results according to the effect of currents. 102
Table 4. Lateral boundary (nesting) condition according to model case. 106
Table 5. RMSE of spatial mean temperature during winter. 114
Table 6. RMSE of spatial mean temperature during summer. 123
Figure 1. Classification of Sea around Korea. 31
Figure 2. Rate of Sea level rise based on tidal stations. In the area divided into the southwest sea and the Jeju coast area, sea levels rise observed differently... 32
Figure 3. Time series of Sea surface height in Jeju and Seogwipo tide station. Blue line means SSH rate in total observation period, Red line... 37
Figure 4. Location of observation data from National Institute of Fisheries Science(NIFS) around the Southwestern Sea of Korea. 38
Figure 5. Annual SLA of Jeju(Black) and Seogwipo(Gray) Tide station and inverted density anomaly(IDA) time series near Jeju Island(Purple). As of 2006,... 38
Figure 6. Long-term temperature time series by observation data line. There are areas where the tendency to change in temperature appears similar. It can be... 41
Figure 7. Previous studies on the change of current around Korea by Lie and Cho(2016). The upper part of the southwest coast is dominated by West coastal... 41
Figure 8. Contour of summer temperature change rate based on observation data. As the results of previous studies, the results shows different characteristics for... 42
Figure 9. Location of sea surface temperature observation data. It is divided into coastal (triangle) and open ocean (reverse triangle). Abnormal data are marked... 46
Figure 10. Time series of surface temperature along the southwestern sea. Above is the summer of 2019 (7/19 to 7/8), and below is the winter of 2020 (2/5 to... 46
Figure 11. Time series of summer sea surface temperature observation data and HYCOM data on the southwestern sea(Other information is the same as Figure 10). 47
Figure 12. Time series of winter sea surface temperature observation data and HYCOM data on the southwestern sea. 47
Figure 13. Ideal experiment according to the rx factor (xz coordinate) after the development of the depth smoothing technique. As the rx factor approaches 0,... 54
Figure 14. Results of depth after applying depth smoothing. The contour which depth smoothing is not applied (above) and the contour which the maximum rx... 55
Figure 15. Results of rx factor comparison after applying depth smoothing. The contour which depth smoothing is not applied (above) and the contour which the... 56
Figure 16. Schematic diagram of hybrid sigma layer application. Based on 80m, it is configured to be applied to be uniform in shallow water area, and specified... 57
Figure 17. An example of FVCOM (below) initial field sea surface temperature application using HYCOM (above). 59
Figure 18. Improvement of the net heat flux input field to solve the problem in the coastal area (intertidal zone). 60
Figure 19. Example of temperature change ideal test result according to HC(above) and HP(below) 62
Figure 20. The grid (above) and depth (below) of the constructed model. 65
Figure 21. The magnified grids of areas Uldolmok(a) and Wando(b). 66
Figure 22. Sea surface temperature in the initial field in winter (above) and summer (below). 67
Figure 23. The location of the tide station (tidal data, red point) and buoy (current data, blue point) used for model validation. 71
Figure 24. Tidal verification time series at 4 stations (Heuksando, Mokpo, Jindo, Chujado) 72
Figure 25. Tidal verification time series at 4 stations (Jeju, Wando, Goheng, Yeosu) 73
Figure 26. Tidal verification scatter plot at 8 stations. (Left: amplitude, Right: phase) 74
Figure 27. Co-tidal chart of southwestern sea tide model results 75
Figure 28. 3-hours interval surface current on February 11, 2020 (UTC 00, 03). 77
Figure 29. 3-hours interval surface current on February 11, 2020 (UTC 06, 09). 78
Figure 30. 3-hours interval surface current on February 11, 2020 (UTC 12, 15). 79
Figure 31. 3-hours interval surface current on February 11, 2020 (UTC 18, 21). 80
Figure 32. Buoy(SI, UI, WAN) current component(U, V) verification. 81
Figure 33. Location of current speed and direction verification at Uldolmok in previous studies. 82
Figure 34. Time series analysis of the current velocity and direction of Uldolmok. 83
Figure 35. The current speed and direction in the Uldolmok suggested in previous studies(excerpt) 83
Figure 36. Winter sea surface temperature time series analysis (Observation is black, HYCOM is blue, FVCOM is red, above is coastal area, below is open ocean). 85
Figure 37. Summer sea surface temperature time series analysis (Observation is black, HYCOM is blue, FVCOM is red, above is coastal area, below is open ocean). 87
Figure 38. Schematic diagram of geostrophic current effect and local tidal effect. 90
Figure 39. Design of nesting boundary ideal test. 92
Figure 40. Example of nesting boundary ideal test results. 93
Figure 41. Time series of sea surface height change at lon3.5 and lon8.5 points of ideal test. 94
Figure 42. Schematic diagram of FVCOM relaxation boundary technique. 96
Figure 43. Application of relaxation boundary (above), relaxation boundary weight coefficient (below). 97
Figure 44. Scatter plots of amplitude and phase of tides. The amplitude of the tidal model (black) is reduced by about 20% due to the tidal-current interaction... 101
Figure 45. Spatial amplitude difference of five major tidal constituents due to tidal-current interaction. Except K₁, the difference increases closer to the coast,... 102
Figure 46. Tidal ellipse of five major tidal constituents at tide station. It shows the difference between the tidal-current interaction model and the tidal model. 103
Figure 47. Amplitude difference of nonlinear tidal constituents due to tide-current interaction. 104
Figure 48. Time series of bed stress magnitude according to the model case. 105
Figure 49. Contour of bed stress magnitude according to tide-current interaction. 105
Figure 50. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on February 11, 2020 (UTC 00, 03). 109
Figure 51. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on February 11, 2020 (UTC 06, 09). 110
Figure 52. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on February 11, 2020 (UTC 12, 15). 111
Figure 53. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on February 11, 2020 (UTC 18, 21). 112
Figure 54. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature changes around Uldolmok on February 11, 2020. 113
Figure 55. Time series of sea surface temperature coastal (above) and open ocean (below) in winter(black line: observation, blue line: HYCOM, red line: FVCOM_i,... 114
Figure 56. 15-day average sea surface temperature (contour) and residual current (vector). 115
Figure 57. Expansion of the coastal area of residual current (around Uldolmok). 115
Figure 58. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on July 19, 2019 (UTC 00, 03). 118
Figure 59. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on July 19, 2019 (UTC 06, 09). 119
Figure 60. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on July 19, 2019 (UTC 12, 15). 120
Figure 61. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature on July 19, 2019 (UTC 18, 21). 121
Figure 62. 3-hours interval sea surface temperature changes around Uldolmok on July 19, 2019. 122
Figure 63. Time series of sea surface temperature coastal (above) and open ocean (below) in summer. Legend is the same as Figure 55. 123
Figure 64. 15-day average sea surface temperature (contour) and residual current (vector). 124
Figure 65. Expansion of the coastal area of residual current(around Uldolmok). 124
Figure 66. Observation(above), HYCOM(middle) and FVCOM(below) vertical profile in summer. (line 203) 128
Figure 67. Observation(above), HYCOM(middle) and FVCOM(below) vertical profile in summer. (line 204) 128
Figure 68. FVCOM_i(above), FVCOM_t(middle) and FVCOM_c(below) vertical profile in summer. (line 203) 129
Figure 69. FVCOM_i(above), FVCOM_t(middle) and FVCOM_c(below) vertical profile in summer. (line 204) 129
Figure 70. Upward velocity magnitude field due to FVCOM_t (above) and FVCOM_c (below) 130
Figure 71. Observation(above), HYCOM(middle) and FVCOM(below) vertical profile in winter. (line 203) 133
Figure 72. Observation(above), HYCOM(middle) and FVCOM(below) vertical profile in winter. (line 204) 133
Figure 73. FVCOM_i(above), FVCOM_t(middle) and FVCOM_c(below) vertical profile in winter. (line 203) 134
Figure 74. FVCOM_i(above), FVCOM_t(middle) and FVCOM_c(below) vertical profile in winter. (line 204) 134