Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 15
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 19
1.0. Introduction 19
1.1. Background of the Study Area 19
1.2. Problem Statement 23
1.3. Research Objective 28
1.4. Research Questions 28
1.5. Scope of the Study 29
1.6. Significance of the Study 31
1.6.1. Tourism and Hospitality Educational Institution 31
1.6.2. Tourism and Hospitality Industry 31
1.6.3. Graduates in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry 32
1.6.4. The Economy in the Asia-Pacific Area 32
1.7. Organisational of Chapters 33
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 35
2.0. Introduction 35
2.1. Review of Related Literature 35
2.1.1. Hospitality and Tourism Education 35
2.1.2. University and Industry Expectations in Hospitality Education 43
2.1.3. Curriculum 59
2.2. Research Framework 85
2.3. Conclusion 88
CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 89
3.0. Introduction 89
3.1. Approaches to Research 89
3.1.1. Research Method 89
3.1.2. Qualitative Research Design 95
3.1.3. Qualitative Research Design process 99
3.2. Data Collection Technique- In-depth Interviews 101
3.3. Population (The principle of Saturation) 102
3.4. Participant Recruitment 104
3.5. Interview Protocol Development (Pilot Test) 105
3.6. Data Collection Process 109
3.7. Data Analysis 110
3.7.1. The Cyclical Process of Analysis 110
3.7.2. Data analysis Stages 111
3.8. Conclusion 114
CHAPTER FOUR FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH 115
4.0. Introduction 115
4.1. An Overview of Interview Responses 115
4.2. Academic Respondents Interview Results 120
4.2.1. The Understanding of Hospitality Program Degree Type 120
4.2.2. The Goals of SIHOM Education 125
4.2.3. SIHOM Curriculum Design Process 130
4.2.4. Gore Subjects For Hospitality Students 139
4.2.5. Important Knowledge and Skills for Hospitality Students 149
4.2.6. Syllabus Guide 157
4.2.7. Practical Courses 165
4.2.8. Vocational & Theoretical Curriculum 171
4.2.9. Internship 174
4.2.10. Globalization Impact 185
4.2.11. The Gap Between Hospitality Industry and Educational Institution 196
4.2.12. Challenge and Issue in SIHOM Curriculum Design 207
4.2.13. Future Trend 217
4.2.14. Suggestion 231
4.3. Industry Respondents Interview Results 244
4.3.1. Degree Requirements in Hotel Industry 244
4.3.2. Work Experience Requirements in Hotel Industry 250
4.3.3. Knowledge and Skills Students Should Learn from University 258
4.3.4. Hospitality Industry's Standards 276
4.3.5. Professional Facilities for Practical 285
4.3.6. Globalization Impact 288
4.3.7. Non-Curriculum Activities 290
4.3.8. Internship 296
4.3.9. Industry involvement 311
4.3.10. Problem or Challenges 317
4.3.11. Gap between the Industry Needs and Curriculum 329
4.3.12. Future Courses and Skills 341
4.3.13. AI and Robots in the Future Hospitality Industry 347
4.3.14. Suggestions 352
4.4. Conclusion 360
CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 361
5.0. Introduction 361
5.1. Understanding of Hospitality Program Degree 361
5.2. The Objective of the Hospitality Program 365
5.3. Degree and Work Experience Requirements in the Hospitality Industry 368
5.4. SIHOM Curriculum Design Process 371
5.5. Core courses provided in SIHOM 374
5.6. Important Knowledge and Skills for Hospitality Students 377
5.7. Syllabus Guide 385
5.8. Practical Courses 387
5.9. Vocational & Theoretical Curriculum 390
5.10. Standard & Diversity Curriculum 392
5.11. Non-Curriculum Activities 396
5.12. Industry Involvement 397
5.13. Internship 400
5.14. Globalization Impact 407
5.15. Gap Between the Industry Needs and Hospitality Education 411
5.15.1. The Gap between Students and Industry 413
5.15.2. The Gap between Students and Educator 415
5.15.3. The Gap between Students and Educational institution 416
5.15.4. The Gap between Industry and Educator 418
5.15.5. The Gap between Industry and Social Status 418
5.15.6. The Gap between Educational institution and Industry 419
5.15.7. The Gap between Educational institution and Educator 421
5.16. Challenge and Issue in Hospitality Curriculum Design and Education 422
5.16.1. Educational institutions 423
5.16.2. Curriculum Design 425
5.16.3. Professors, Students and Graduates 427
5.16.4. Students and Graduates 428
5.16.5. Hospitality Industry 429
5.17. Future courses and skills trend 431
5.18. Suggestions for hospitality curriculum design and education 437
5.19. Main Conceptual Findings 443
5.20. Conclusion 445
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 447
6.0. Introduction 447
6.1. Summary of Research Findings 447
6.2. Contribution of the Study 453
6.3. Limitations of the study 456
6.4. Recommendations for Future Research 457
6.5. Final Remarks 458
References 459
APPENDIX 14
APPENDIX I. LIST OF MAIN QUESTIONS OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (ACADEMIC) 488
APPENDIX II. LIST OF MAIN QUESTIONS OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (INDUSTRY) 493
APPENDIX III. LIST OF MAIN QUESTIONS OF IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW (INDUSTRY, CHINESE) 498
APPENDIX IV. INVITATION LETTER FOR PILOT TEST 501
APPENDIX V. INVITATION LETTER FOR INTERVIEW 503
APPENDIX VI. AN EXAMPLE OF A TRANSCRIBED INTERVIEW 505
[Table 2.1] Characteristics of curriculum models 67
[Table 3.1] Differences between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies 94
[Table 4.1] Position of Respondents 119
[Table 5.1] Core courses provided in SIHOM (see Section 4.2.4) 374
[Table 5.2] Important Knowledge and skills for hospitality students (Academic)... 378
[Table 5.3] Important Knowledge and skills for hospitality students (Industry) (see... 381
[Table 5.4] Important Knowledge and skills for hospitality students (Future) 431
[Figure 1.1] Research Gap 27
[Figure 2.1] The Essential Components of Employment 45
[Figure 2.2] Tribe's philosophic practitioner 73
[Figure 2.3] Curriculum space and curriculum framing 76
[Figure 2.4] Curriculum Space 77
[Figure 2.5] The Positioning of the Academic and Vocational Curriculum Framework 79
[Figure 2.6] Research Framework 87
[Figure 3.1] Qualitative Research Cycle 96
[Figure 3.2] A diagrammatic overview of the design 100
[Figure 3.3] Schematic Representation of the Interview Protocol 108
[Figure 3.4] Analytic Spiral 111
[Figure 4.1] Gender of Respondents 116
[Figure 4.2] The Nationality of Respondents 117
[Figure 4.3] Highest Degree of Respondents 118
[Figure 4.4] Industry Working Experience of Respondents 119
[Figure 5.1] the Gap between the Stakeholders 412
[Figure 5.2] The Main Conceptual Findings 445