Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 14
1.1. Background of the Dissertation 14
1.2. Purposeand Functions of the Dissertation 18
1.3. Methods 20
1.3.1. Literature research method 20
1.3.2. Comparative analysis 20
1.3.3. Law research 21
1.4. Summary analysis 21
1.5. Practice and case analysis 21
CHAPTER 2. General Theory of Environmental Refugees 22
2.1. Legal Definition and Classification of Environmental Refugees 22
2.1.1. Refugees and environmental refugees 23
2.1.2. Classification of environmental refugees 30
2.2. The overall situation and causes of environmental refugees 32
2.2.1. General overview of global environmental refugees 32
2.2.2. Causes of environmental refugees 34
CHAPTER 3. International Legal System for the Protection of Human Rights of Environmental Refugees 39
3.1. The basic human rights of environmental refugees 39
3.1.1. The right to life 40
3.1.2. The right to health 42
3.1.3. Right to food 45
3.1.4. Right of Residence 47
3.2. The legal basis for the protection of human rights of environmental refugees 49
3.2.1. Charter of the United Nations and International Human Rights Law 49
3.2.2. Special international conventions 52
3.2.3. Regional agreements 53
3.3. Subjects responsible for the protection of human rights of environmental refugees 56
3.3.1. Sovereign State 56
3.3.2. International organizations 59
3.4. Principles of Basic Responsibility for Environmental Refugee Human Rights Protection 61
3.4.1. Humanitarian and human rights principles 61
3.4.2. The principle of non-refoulement 63
3.4.3. The principle of temporary asylum 67
3.4.4. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities 69
3.4.5. Principles of international solidarity and cooperation 71
3.5. Conclusion 73
CHAPTER 4. Cases--International Organizations and National Refugee Policies and Measures 75
4.1. Syrian refugee crisis 75
4.1.1. Overview of the Syrian crisis 75
4.1.2. Refugee protection in the Syrian war 76
4.1.3. UNHCR's response to the Syrian refugee crisis 76
4.1.4. Refugee Policies in the UK, France, Germany 88
4.2. Myanmar refugees 103
4.2.1. Overall situation of refugees in Myanmar 103
4.2.2. Principles and practices of refugee governance in Asia and states 103
4.3. Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand 106
4.3.1. Background 106
4.3.2. The concept of "climate refugees" 108
4.4. Conclusion 110
CHAPTER 5. The Dilemma of Environmental Refugee Human Rights Protection 113
5.1. The legal status of environmental refugees are not clear enough 113
5.1.1. The 1951 Refugee Convention cannot cover international environmental refugees 113
5.1.2. Protection of the environment through immigration is very limited for refugees 117
5.2. The legal norms for the protection of human rights of environmental refugees are not thorough 118
5.2.1. Environmental refugees lack specialized international treaties 119
5.2.2. Difficulties in applying the legal principles of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 121
5.2.3. Unable to use stateless person status as a defense 122
5.3. The legal mechanism for protecting the human rights of environmental refugees are not thorough 123
5.3.1. The relief and compensation mechanism for environmental refugees are not thorough 123
5.3.2. The responsibility mechanism for environmental refugees are not thorough 125
5.4. conclusion 127
CHAPTER 6. Recommendations for Environmental Refugee Protection 129
6.1. Clarify the legal status of environmental refugees 129
6.1.1. The feasibility of expanding the definition of "refugee" in international law 129
6.1.2. Develop the criteria for defining "environmental refugees" 131
6.2. Improving the legal norms for protecting the human rights of environmental refugees 133
6.2.1. Formulate regional bilateral or multilateral treaties 133
6.2.2. Formulating a new international convention 134
6.2.3. Adherence to the principle of non-refoulement 135
6.2.4. Complementary Refugee Determination and Resettlement Procedures 136
6.2.5. Establishing accountability mechanisms in refugee countries of origin 138
6.3. Improve the relevant system of international refugees' human rights 138
6.3.1. Improving the implementation of international human rights law and international environmental law 138
6.3.2. Establishment of environmental refugee relief and compensation mechanism 141
6.4. Establishing an international environmental refugee prevention and protection mechanism 142
6.4.1. Clarifying the periodof international environmental refugee protection 142
6.4.2. Establishing ex ante prevention mechanisms 144
6.4.3. Establishment of post-event relief mechanism 146
REFERENCES(BIBLIOGRAPHY) 152