Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 13
CHAPTER 1. Anticancer Effects of Ganjang Prepared with Washed-Dehydrated Solar Salt on C57BL/6 Mice 16
I. Introduction 16
II. Materials and Methods 19
1. Ganjang preparation 19
2. Physicochemical analysis of Ganjang 20
3. In vivo anticancer effects of Ganjang 22
4. Statistical analysis 26
III. Results and Discussion 28
1. Physicochemical analysis of Ganjang 28
2. In vivo anticancer effects of Ganjang 32
IV. Conclusions 40
CHAPTER 2. Anticancer Effects of Doenjang Prepared with Washed-Dehydrated Solar Salt on C57BL/6 Mice 42
I. Introduction 42
II. Materials and Methods 46
1. Doenjang preparation 46
2. Physicochemical analysis of Doenjang 47
3. In vivo anticancer effects of Doenjang 49
4. Gut microbiota analysis of mice 55
5. Metabolite analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis 56
6. Statistical analysis 57
III. Results and Discussion 58
1. Physicochemical analysis of Doenjang 58
2. In vivo anticancer effects of Doenjang 59
3. Gut microbiota analysis of mice 75
4. Metabolite analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF MS analysis 79
IV. Conclusions 85
References 88
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 104
Table 1. Primer sequences used for RT-qPCR in colon cancer... 27
Table 2. Primer sequences used for RT-qPCR in colon cancer... 53
Table 3. Identification of major metabolites contributing to the separation among sample groups 82
Fig. 1. Preperation of Ganjang. 21
Fig. 2. Experimental designs for AOM/DSS-induced colitis associated cancer (CAC) study in C57BL/6 mice. 24
Fig. 3. pH, acidity contents in Ganjang fermented at 37℃... 30
Fig. 4. amino type nitrogen, ammonia type nitrogen contents in... 31
Fig. 5. Effects of Ganjang on the change of body weight in C57BL/6 mice with AOM/DSS-induced colitis associated... 33
Fig. 6. Effects of Ganjang on the change of colon length in... 37
Fig. 7. Effects of Ganjang on the colon tumor numbers in... 38
Fig. 8. Effects of Ganjang on colon mRNA expression levels of... 39
Fig. 9. Preperation of Doenjang. 48
Fig. 10. Experimental designs for AOM/DSS-induced colitis associated cancer (CAC) study in C57BL/6 mice. 51
Fig. 11. pH, acidity contents in Doenjang fermented at 37℃... 60
Fig. 12. amino type nitrogen, ammonia type nitrogen contents in... 61
Fig. 13. Effects of doenjang on the change of body weight in C57BL/6 mice with AOM/DSS-induced colitis associated... 62
Fig. 14. Effects of Doenjang on the colon length in C57BL/6 mice... 65
Fig. 15. Effects of Doenjang on the colon tumor numbers in... 66
Fig. 16. Effects of Doenjang of histological observation of colon tissues in C57BL/6 mice with AOM/DSS-induced colitis... 67
Fig. 17. Effects of Doenjang on colon mRNA expression levels of... 69
Fig. 18. Effects of Doenjang on colon mRNA expression levels of... 71
Fig. 19. Effects of Doenjang on colon protein expression levels of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest related genes in C57BL/6... 74
Fig. 20. Composition of the gut microbiota at the level of Phylum. 76
Fig. 21. Composition of the gut microbiota at the level of Genus. 78
Fig. 22. Total ion chromatogram of PSD and WDD methanol extracts in negative ion mode. 81
Fig. 23. Box plot analysis of PSD methanol extract (A) and WDD methanol extract (B) metabolites. 83
Fig. 24. Heat maps of PSD methanol extract (A) and WDD... 84