Title Page
Contents
요약 11
I. Introduction 12
1.1. Background 12
1.2. Purpose 14
II. Literature review 17
2.1. Cigarette smoke constituents 17
2.1.1. Propylene glycol 17
2.1.2. Vegetable Glycerin 19
2.1.3. Nicotine 20
2.2. Secondhand smoke constituents 21
2.2.1. Volatile Organic Compounds 21
2.2.2. Aldehydes 21
2.2.3. Particulate matter 22
2.3. Heat-not-burn tobacco products 23
2.3.1. IQOS 23
2.3.2. Lil 23
2.3.3. Glo 23
III. Method and materials 25
3.1. Materials 25
3.1.1. Chemicals 25
3.1.2. Sampling tobaccos 26
3.2. Experimental methods 27
3.2.1. Firsthand smoke 27
3.2.2. Secondhand smoke 28
3.2.3. Sampling 30
3.2.4. IRB 33
3.3. Experimental equipment 34
3.3.1. Smoking machine 34
3.3.2. SMPS 36
3.4. Analysis 37
3.4.1. Nicotine, PG, VG 37
3.4.2. VOCs 37
3.4.3. Aldehydes 38
3.4.4. Particulate matter and nanoparticles 40
3.5. QA/QC 42
IV. Results and discussion 44
4.1. Firsthand smoke 44
4.1.1. Nicotine 44
4.1.2. PG, VG 45
4.2. Secondhand smoke 48
4.2.1. VOCs 48
4.2.2. Aldehydes 59
4.2.3. Particulate matter and nanoparticles 68
V. Conclusion 72
References 76
Table 3.1. Meteorological Administration ground station location 26
Table 3.2. Analytical condition of the gas chromatography -... 37
Table 3.3. Target VOCs 38
Table 3.4. Target aldehydes 39
Table 3.5. Analytical condition of HPLC 40
Table 4.1. Mean concentration of VOCs after vaporizing... 55
Table 4.2. Detected aldehydes compounds by cigarette smoking... 64
Fig. 2.1. Structural formula of propylene glycol (PG) 18
Fig. 2.2. Structural formula of propylene glycol (VG) 19
Fig. 2.3. Structural formula of nicotine 20
Fig. 3.1. Design of firsthand smoke experiment 28
Fig. 3.2. Simulated office chamber system for secondhand... 29
Fig. 3.3. TE-2 smoking machine 35
Fig. 4.1. Nicotine emitted by conventional cigarette smoke and... 45
Fig. 4.2. PG and VG emitted by conventional cigarette smoke... 47
Fig. 4.3. Average concentration of detected VOCs 55
Fig. 4.4. Indoor VOCs concentration when volunteers 1, 2 and 3... 56
Fig. 4.5. Indoor VOCs concentration when volunteers 1, 2 and 3... 56
Fig. 4.6. Indoor VOCs concentration when volunteer 1 smoked... 57
Fig. 4.7. Indoor VOCs concentration when volunteer 2 smoked... 57
Fig. 4.8. Indoor VOCs concentration when volunteer 3 smoked... 58
Fig. 4.9. Average concentration of detected Aldehydes 64
Fig. 4.10. Indoor aldehydes concentration when volunteers 1, 2... 65
Fig. 4.11. Indoor aldehydes concentration when volunteers 1, 2... 65
Fig. 4.12. Indoor aldehydes concentration when volunteer 1... 66
Fig. 4.13. Indoor aldehydes concentration when volunteer 2... 66
Fig. 4.14. Indoor aldehydes concentration when volunteer 3... 67
Fig. 4.15. Measurement of nanoparticles in indoor air by SMPS... 70
Fig. 4.16. Measurement of PM in indoor air by Aerocet 531S... 70
Fig. 4.17. Measurement of nanoparticles in indoor air by SMPS... 70
Fig. 4.18. Measurement of nanoparticles in indoor air by SMPS... 71
Fig. 4.19. Measurement of PM in indoor air by Aerocet 531S... 71
Fig. 4.20. Measurement of nanoparicles in indoor air by SMPS... 71