Title Page
Preface
Abstract
List of Abbreviations
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Study 14
Background of the Study 14
Problem Statement 16
Purpose of the Study 16
Research Questions 17
Theoretical Foundation 17
Conceptual Framework 18
Nature of the Study 20
Research Method 21
Significance of the Study 21
Assumptions 22
Scope and Delimitation 23
Limitations 23
Summary and Transition 24
Chapter 2. Instructional Technology in Linguistics: A Hermeneutic Approach 26
Introduction 26
Methodology 29
Literature review 37
Results 38
Discussion 48
Conclusions 51
Chapter 3. Will English Remain a Lingua Franca in the Industry 4.0 Era? 54
Introduction 54
Literature Review 56
Method 61
Data 69
Results 74
Conclusions 83
Chapter 4. Note-Taking Assisted with Computers-A Practical Method to Build a Cognitive Connection between Chinese Pinyin & Characters 85
Introduction 85
Literature review 86
Method 93
Instruction 94
Results 97
Conclusions 100
Chapter 5. Discussion, Recommendations and Conclusions 102
Discussion 102
Recommendations 113
Conclusions 116
References 118
Appendix A. Questionnaire on Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Language 151
Table 1. Source journals, search filter and number of publications 35
Table 2. Google Trends AI search & Publication by year 39
Table 3. Correlation of AI in language education & publication 40
Table 4. Articles 2010-2019 by research themes 41
Table 5. First 10 research themes 45
Table 6. Ten most-cited papers[표없음] 48
Table 7. Type of articles 48
Table 8. Less investigated themes 49
Table 9. The number of speakers for the five main European languages... 57
Table 10. Variable correlations 62
Table 11. Gross domestic product versus gross language product rank, 2018 69
Table 12. Participants' Citizenship 70
Table 13. Regression Model summary 73
Table 14. ANOVA Test Statistics 73
Table 15. Regression Model Cofficients 74
Table 16. Perception Survey Data 79
Table 18. Prerequisite pinyin test 94
Table 19. Correlation between prerequisite pinyin test score... 98
Table 20. Correlation between final assessment and length of time spent studying 99
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of Present Study 19
Figure 2. Nature of the Study 21
Figure 3. Hermeneutic circle of literature review 31
Figure 4. Initial filter Search result in Journal LTR 33
Figure 5. Search result in LTR 34
Figure 6. An inventory of publication entities 37
Figure 7. AI in language education & publication trend fitting 41
Figure 8. Research method trend in publications 46
Figure 9. Author affiliation by country 47
Figure 10. Authorship data 47
Figure 11. Speaking English can enhance confidence in life and work 61
Figure 12. AI machines can learn as fast as human beings 66
Figure 13. The People's Republic of China (PRC) gross domestic product... 68
Figure 14. China a global leader in frontier industries (internet users) 68
Figure 15. Belief that the rise of Mandarin in economic strength poses a... 69
Figure 16. Confidence in traveling to a country if one speaks English 75
Figure 17. Speakers of English as L1, L2, L3 and L4 81
Figure 18. Identity perception data for using native tongue to communicate... 82
Figure 19. In_ Years English Language Dominance Will be potentially Challenged 83