Title Page
요약
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 18
1.1. Introduction 18
1.2. Background of the Study 18
1.2. Problem Statement 24
1.3. Research Objectives 25
1.3.1. Overall Objective 25
1.3.2. Specific Objectives 25
1.4. Research Questions 25
1.5. Significance of the Study 25
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 27
2.1. Introduction 27
2.2. Definition of Key Terms 27
2.3. Adaptive Capacity Theories and Frameworks 28
2.4. Determination of Climate Change Adaptive Capacity 31
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 37
3.1. Introduction 37
3.2. Description of Study Area 37
3.2.1. Location 37
3.2.2. Climate 38
3.2.3. Vegetation 39
3.2.4. Relief, Soils and Drainage 39
3.2.5. Economic A ctivities 39
3.3. Data Collection 40
3.4. Sample Size 41
3.5. Data analysis 42
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND FINDINGS 46
4.1. Introduction 46
4.2. Demographic and Social Characteristics of Respondents 46
4.2.1. Age of Respondents 47
4.2.2. Gender of Respondents 47
4.2.3. Major Crops Grown in the Study Area 48
4.2.3. Income Level of Respondents 49
4.3. Adaptive Capacity 50
4.3.1. Degree of Adaptive Capacity 52
4.3.2. Mean Adaptive Capacity 53
4.3.3. Adaptive Capacity Indices for Each Adaptation Strategy 54
4.3.4. Adaptive Capacity jor respondents using irrigation 55
4.3.5. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Using Water Harvesting Techniques 55
4.3.6. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Using Minimum Tillage 56
4.3.6. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Planting Early Maturing and Drought Resistant Crop Varieties 57
4.3.8. Adaptive Capacity of Respondents Using Alternative Livelihoods 58
4.3.9. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Practicing Agroforestry 58
4.3.10. Adaptive Capacity of Respondents using Other Climate Change Adaptation Strategies 59
4.3.11. Adaptive Capacity by Gender 60
4.4. Factors Affecting Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies 61
4.5. Impact of Social Economic Factors on Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change 62
4.6. Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on Adaptive Capacity of Selected Adaptation Strategies 65
4.7. Results from Key Informants 68
4.7.1. Adaptation Strategies Promoted by Key Informants 68
4.7.2. Adaptive Capacity Index by Key Informant Data 70
4.7.3. Factors Influencing Climate Change Adaptation 71
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND FINDINGS 73
5.1. Introduction 73
5.2. Demographic and Social Characteristics of Respondents 73
5.2.1. Age of Respondents 73
5.2.2. Gender of Respondents 74
5.2.3. Gender Distribution of Adaptive Capacity of Respondents 74
5.2.4. Major Crops Grown in the Study Area 75
5.2.5. Income Level of Respondents 75
5.3. Adaptive Capacity 76
5.3.1. Level of Achievement of Six Attributes for Each Adaptation Strategy 76
5.3.2. Adaptive Capacity Indices for Each Adaptation Strategy 78
5.3.3. Adaptive Capacity for respondents using irrigation 78
5.3.4. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Using Rain Water Harvesting Techniques 79
5.3.5. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Using Minimum Tillage 80
5.3.6. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Planting Early Maturing and Drought Resistant Crop Varieties 81
5.3.7. Adaptive Capacity of Respondents Using Alternative Livelihoods 82
5.3.8. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Practicing Agroforestry 82
5.3.9. Adaptive Capacity of Respondents using Other Adaptation Strategies 83
5.3.10. Adaptive Capacity by Gender 83
5.3.11. Factors Affecting Adoption of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies 84
5.3.12. Effect of Social Economic Factors on Adaptive Capacity 85
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 89
6.1. Introduction 89
6.2. Summary and Conclusion 89
6.3. Research Implications 91
6.4. Recommendations 93
7.0. REFERENCES 95
8.0. APPENDICES 100
Appendix A. Farmers' Questionnaire 100
Appendix B. Key Informant Questionnaire 106
Appendix C. Codes for Questionnaire 111
초록 115
Table 3.1. Degree of Achievement of Attributes 43
Table 3.2. Degree of Adaptive Capacity 44
Table 4.1. Percentage of Survey Respondents per Aigriculture Camp 46
Table 4.2. Age of Respondents 47
Table 4.3. Gender of Respondents 48
Table 4.4. Annual Income Level of Respondents 49
Table 4.5. Level of Achievement of Six Attributes for Each Adaptation Strategy 51
Table 4.6. Adaptive Capacity Indices 52
Table 4.7. Degree of Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change 52
Table 4.8. Mean Adaptive Capacity Index 53
Table 4.9. Mean Adaptive Capacity for Male and Female Farmers 60
Table 4.10. Adaptive Capacity for Male Respondents 60
Table 4.11. Adaptive Capacity for Female Respondents 61
Table 4.12. Ordered Logit Regression Results 63
Table 4.13. Linear Regression Results 63
Table 4.14. Pearson Correlation Results 64
Table 4.15. Regression Results for the Effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Adaptive... 65
Table 4.16. Regression Results for the effect of Socioeconomic Factors on Adaptive... 66
Table 4.17. Regression Results for effect of socioeconomic factors on Adaptive Capacity... 67
Table 4.18. Key Informant and Adaptation Strategies Promoted 69
Table 4.19. Factors Influencing Climate Change Adaptation 71
Table 5.1. Adaptive Capacity for Female Respondents 74
Table 5.2. Adaptive Capacity for Male Respondents 74
Table 5.3. Degree of Adaptive Capacity for Respondents 77
Figure 1.1. Agro-Ecological Regions in Zambia 20
Figure 1.2. Trends of Annual Precipitation in Agro-Ecological zones 21
Figure 1.3. Rainfall in Mambwe District (2009-2019) 22
Figure 2.1. Action Theory of Adaption 29
Figure 2.2. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Framework (SRLF) 31
Figure 3.1. Location of the Study Area 38
Figure 4.1. Gender of Respondents 48
Figure 4.2. Major Crops Grown in the Study Area 49
Figure 4.3. Frequency of Degree of Adaptive Capacity 53
Figure 4.4. Adaptive Capacity Indices for Each Adaptation Strategy 54
Figure 4.5. Adaptive Capacity indices for respondents using Irrigation 55
Figure 4.6. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Using Rain Water Harvesting Techniques 55
Figure 4.7. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents using Minimum Tillage 56
Figure 4.8. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Planting Early Maturing and Drought... 57
Figure 4.9. Adaptive Capacity for Respondents Using Alternative Livelihoods 58
Figure 4.10. Adaptive Capacity for respondents Practicing Agroforestry 59
Figure 4.11. Adaptive Capacity of Respondents Using Other Climate Change Adaptation Strategies 59
Figure 4.12. Factors Affecting Adaptation to Climate Change 61
Figure 4.13. Adaptive Capacity Ratings by Key Informants 70
Figure 4.14. Proportion of Factors Influencing Adaptation 72
Figure 5.1. Number of Respondents Practicing Agroforestry 83
Equation 1. Calculation of Sample Size 41
Equation 2. Computation of Adaptive Capacity 43
Equation 3. Computation of Average Adaptive Capacity 44