Title Page
요약
Abstract
Contents
List of Abbreviations 12
Chapter I. Introduction 13
1. Research questions 15
2. Research objective 15
3. Research hypothesis 15
4. Limitations of the Study 15
5. Significance of this research 15
6. Conceptual Framework 15
Chapter II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 17
1. Role of Agriculture in Vietnam 17
Rice Production 17
2. Pesticide 21
2.1. Pesticide Management in Vietnam 21
2.2. Use of Pesticide in Field 22
2.3. Pesticide and Environment 24
2.4. Pesticide and Health 25
3. Farmer Field School 26
3.1. Objectives of Farmer Field School 26
3.2. Principles of Farmer Field School 26
3.3. Impact of FFS on pesticide use and environment 27
3.4. Implementation of FFS in Viet Nam 28
Chapter III. METHODOLOGY 30
1. Background of the REAL project 33
2. Locale of the project 33
3. Training 34
Chapter IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 36
1. Reduction of pesticide 36
2. Towards less toxic pesticides 37
3. Change in spraying behaviors and ways of pesticide disposal 42
Chapter V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 47
List of References 49
Table 1. Top ten largest yield of rice producing provinces in Vietnam 20
Table 2. The number of pesticides applications in rice farming in Red River... 23
Table 3. Toxic level of pesticide. 30
Table 4. Indicators of spraying behavior and ways of disposal 30
Table 5. Indicators of ways of disposal 32
Table 6. The quantity of applied pesticide and time of exposure 36
Table 7. The most used formulas in 2016 39
Table 8. The most used formulas in 2017 40
Table 9. Frequency of use of pesticide by hazard 42
Table 10. Change in spraying behavior 44
Table 11. Change in ways of disposal 46
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework 16
Figure 2. Rice production by region from year 2005 to 2014 18
Figure 3. Paddy planted areas year 2017 and pre 2018 19
Figure 4. Yield of paddy production by years 20
Figure 5. Dumping pesticide waste in canal 24
Figure 6. Project sites 34
Figure 7. Type of chemical 38