Title Page
Contents
Abstract 11
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 13
1.1. Introduction 13
1.2. Customer Orientation 15
1.3. Environmental Orientation as Sustainable Development 17
1.4. Sustainable Forest Management 19
1.5. Motivation 21
1.6. Problem statement 22
1.7. Proposed Action 25
1.8. Thesis objectives 28
CHAPTER 2. Review of Literature 29
2.1. TQM and Its Importance in the Development of Industries 29
2.1.1. Total Quality Management Framework 30
2.1.2. Total Quality Management Component 31
2.1.2. TQM origin and history 35
2.2. Customer and Stakeholder Satisfaction and Industries 38
2.2.1. Customer Satisfaction 38
2.2.2. Stakeholder Orientation 42
2.2.3. Stakeholder Analysis 44
2.3. Sustainable Development 45
2.4. Sustainable Forest Management 48
2.4.1. Instruments for SFM Implementation 50
2.4.2. Stakeholder in Sustainable Forest Management 53
2.5. Timber Certification as TQM for Timber Industry 55
2.5.1. Forest Inventory 55
2.5.2. Forest Coordinate Tree Mapping 59
2.5.3. GPS Coordinates 60
CHAPTER 3. Methodology 62
3.1. Introduction 62
3.2. Model Frameworks for TQM in Forestry 64
3.2.1. Inventory Model 68
3.2.2. Damage Estimation Model 69
3.2.3. Forest Regrowth Model 71
3.2.4. Information 73
3.2.5. Qualitative Performance 73
3.2.6. Variables Findings Summary 75
3.3. Model Framework of Forestry for Enhancement 77
3.4. The Design of Survey for Customer Satisfaction and Stakeholder Satisfaction 81
3.4.1. Forest Stakeholder 84
3.5. Questionnaire and Survey Instrument 85
3.5.1. Survey Sample 86
3.6. Stakeholder Analysis for Sustainable Forest Management 86
CHAPTER 4. Result 88
4.0. Introduction 88
4.1. Stakeholder Demographic and Categories 88
4.1.2. Reliability and Validity 90
4.1.3. Structural Equation Modelling Result 93
4.1.4. Understanding the Forest 94
4.2. Empirical Findings 95
4.2.1. Proposed Tree Mapping Technique 96
4.2.2. Predicting Damage Due to Logging 103
4.2.3. Predicting the Growth 109
4.2.4. Species Composition and Conservations 117
4.3. Overall Improvement Due to Additional Activities 119
4.3.1. Improvement of the Current Technology 119
4.3.2. Overall Improvement to SFM Due to Additional Activities 120
4.4. Information Survey Result 123
4.5. Outcome Performance Survey Result 124
4.6. Result Summary 125
Chapter 5. Discussion 129
5.1. Introduction 129
5.2. Result Findings 130
5.2.1. Forest Inventory 131
5.2.2. Estimating Forest Damages Result 133
5.2.3. Forest Simulation 135
5.3. Stakeholder Trends 137
5.4. Management Views 140
5.5. Six Sigma 141
5.5.1. Six Sigma DMAIC Problem Solving Method. 142
5.5.2. Limitation with using Six Sigma comparing to TQM 144
5.5.3. Adopting Total Quality Management as an Effective Problem Solving in SFM 144
5.6. Technical Findings and Discussion 146
5.6.1. Techniques 146
5.6.2. More Accurate Information on The Production of Timber 146
5.6.3. Able to Predict Information for Decision Making 146
5.6.4. More Software to Be Developed Particularly on The Display of Distribution of Trees, The Estimate on Trees Damage, Simulation and Decision-Making System. 147
5.7. Contribution Prior To The Research 147
Chapter 6. Conclusion 150
Chapter 7. Reference 154
Appendix 168
요약 177
List of Tables
Table 1.1. Problem of Forestry Management 24
Table 1.2. Inventory Gaps 26
Table 1.3. Forest Damage Gaps 27
Table 1.4. Forest Simulation Gaps 27
Table 2.0. Definition of PSDA 33
Table 3.1. Factor Summary and Findings 77
Table 3.2. Micro and Macro Environment 83
Table 3.3. Type and Details of Forest Stakeholders 84
Table 4.1. Stakeholder Respondent 89
Table 4.2. Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted 91
Table 4.3. Composite Reliability and Average Variance Extracted 92
Table 4.4. Path Analysis Result 93
Table 4.5. Comparison Between the Current Technique and the... 100
Table 4.6. Overall Respondent Result for Forest Inventory 101
Table 4.7. Identification for Forest Damages Techniques 105
Table 4.8. Overall Result and Techniques for Estimating Forest... 107
Table 4.9. Determine the... 112
Table 4.10. The result of... 112
Table 4.11. Simulation Summary 114
Table 4.12. Overall Result and Techniques for Estimating Future... 116
Table 4.13. Overall Result and Techniques for Forest Conservation 117
Table 4.14. Improvement from the current technology 119
Table 4.15. Overall Result to SFM 121
Table 4.16. Result Summary 126
Table 4.17. Summary from our Findings. 127
Figure 1.1. Effective Forest Inventory and Biodiversity Monitoring... 21
Figure 2.0. TQM Framework 31
Figure 2.1. Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle 33
Figure 2.2. Kano's model of customer satisfaction (Berger et al., 1993) 42
Figure 2.3. Sustainable Chart 48
Figure 3.1. Terengganu Forest Concession 64
Figure 3.2. Research Model for Sustainable Forest Management 66
Figure 3.3. Forest Inventory 68
Figure 3.4. Damage Estimation Model 70
Figure 3.5. Forest Simulation Model 72
Figure 3.6. Qualitative Performance Model 74
Figure 3.7. Current Technique in Forest Management Procedure 77
Figure 3.8. Proposed Technique in Forest Management Procedure 79
Figure 3.9. Customer Satisfaction Model 81
Figure 3.10. Stakeholder Satisfaction 82
Figure 4.1. Stakeholder Participant 89
Figure 4.2. Structural Equation Model Result 93
Figure 4.4. Percentages of Stakeholder in Their Level in Forestry 95
Figure 4.5. Proposed Tree Mapping Inventory 97
Figure 4.6. Stock Table 99
Figure 4.7. Visualization of The Tree Distribution 100
Figure 4.8. Overall Respondent Result for Forest Inventory 102
Figure 4.9. Tree-Felling and Damage 104
Figure 4.10. Overall Result and Techniques for Estimating Forest... 106
Figure 4.11. The Overall Stakeholder Satisfaction on The Purposed... 109
Figure 4.12. Method to identify... 112
Figure 4.13. Method to determine... 112
Figure 4.14. Forest Simulation 114
Figure 4.15. Overall Result and Techniques for Estimating Future... 115
Figure 4.16. Overall Result and Techniques for Forest Conservation 118
Figure 4.17. Improvement from the current technology 120
Figure 4.18. Overall Result to SFM 122
Figure 4.19. Stakeholder Survey Result in Information 123
Figure 4.20. Result of Percentages of Stakeholder in Qualitative... 125
Figure 5.1. Forest Inventory 132
Figure 5.2. Estimating Forest Damages Result 134
Figure 5.3. Forest Simulation 136
Figure 5.4. Improvement of Technology 138
Figure 5.5. Trend to SFM Due the combination 139
Figure 5.6. DMAIC 143