The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of attitude toward the perception of fine dust on elementary school students' persistence behavior intention. This study suggests the seriousness of fine dust in elementary school physical education activities, develops various contents of the physical environment in elementary school, and suggests ways to improve the environment for activation and participation of elementary school students by exploring various dust solutions. That would be the purpose. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, two elementary school students in G and N cities were surveyed. The questionnaire was completed for the 4th to 6th graders among school sports participants, and the unsuccessful response among 350 questionnaires and 330 questionnaires except 20 were used for the final study. The data processing of this study is based on SPSS Ver. 23.0 was used, and frequency analysis, t-test, and one-way batch variance analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between the general characteristics of the subjects and the study variables, and the correlation analysis and each variable to verify the discriminant validity of each variable. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between them. First, as a result of analyzing the difference of perception of dust, risk, attitude, and persistence behavior according to demographic characteristics (gender, grade, number of participation, participation time), there were some significant results among the groups. Second, as a result of the multiple regression analysis of the risk perception and attitude of fine dust, the higher the perception of the seriousness, information search, and outdoor activities among the lower factors of risk perception, the higher the students' perception of fine dust was. Third, as a result of multiple regression analysis of the risk perception and persistence behavior intention of fine dust, the higher the recognition of information search and outdoor activities among the lower factors of risk perception, the higher the students' intention to participate in physical activity. Fourth, as a result of the causality analysis of fine dust attitude and intention to sustain behavior, it was found that the students who perceive high attitude toward fine dust have higher intention to sustain physical activity.