Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER I. Introduction 19
1.1. Introduction and Purpose of Dissertation 19
1.1.1. Introduction of Dissertation 19
1.1.2. Purpose of Dissertation 22
1.2. Scope of Dissertation 25
1.3. Framework and Conclusion of Dissertation 26
CHAPTER II. The agreed procedures for the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 29
2.1. Third meeting of the law of the sea and negotiations on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 30
2.1.1. Background and Purpose 31
2.1.2. Main problem 36
2.1.3. High sensitivity of specific negotiating matters at the Third Conference on the Law of the Sea 38
2.1.4. The complexity of the interests of the participants in the third meeting of the Law of the Sea 41
2.2. Impact of the agreed rules of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the "optional exception" clause 44
2.2.1. General rules of procedure agreed upon in the treaty 45
2.2.2. The logical conflicts and contradictions of the gentlemen agreement 48
2.2.3. The specific influence of the "gentleman agreement" on the "optional exception" clause 50
2.3. Conclusion 53
CHAPTER III. The specific provisions of the "Optional Exception" clause in the dispute settlement mechanism of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 55
3.1. The "optional exception" clause and the overall framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 57
3.1.1. Article 298 Conditions for the application of the "optional exception" clause 58
3.1.2. Article 298 the object of application of the "optional exception" clause 60
3.1.3. Specific Arrangements for Article 298 "Optional Exceptions" 62
3.2. Main content of Article 298 "Optional Exceptions" 64
3.2.1. Type of specific maritime dispute under the "Optional Exception" clause 65
3.2.2. Specific dispute resolution procedures for "Optional Exceptions" 81
3.3. Conclusion 93
CHAPTER IV. On the "Optional Exceptions" Clause from the Perspective of Legal Nature 94
4.1. Qualitative Study on the Provisions of "Optional Exceptions" 96
4.2. A Study of the Attitude of Reservations from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 100
4.2.1. Judgment of the Treaty's Attitudes towards Reservations 100
4.2.2. Analysis of the attitude of "reservation" from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 107
4.3. The Legal Nature of the "Optional Exceptions" Clause 115
4.3.1. Definition of reservation and exception 115
4.3.2. The meaning of permissible reservations in the clause of "optional exceptions" 118
4.3.3. An analysis of the nature of reservation permitted by the "optional exception" clause from the practice of declaration 125
4.4. Conclusion 135
CHAPTER V. Article 298 "Optional Exceptions" and the South China Sea Dispute 138
5.1. The Optional Exceptions Clause of the Convention and the South China Sea Dispute 138
5.1.1. Types of Marine Disputes in the South China Sea 138
5.1.2. Attitudes of States in the South China Sea to the Compulsory Procedure of the Convention 142
5.1.3. Statements by States in the South China Sea on Article 298 Optional Exceptions 146
5.2. Issues related to South China Sea Arbitration and Article 298 "Optional Exceptions" 149
5.2.1. The origin of the case and the claims of both parties 149
5.2.2. Trial Opinions of the Arbitration Court on Article 298 "Optional Exceptions" 156
5.3. The Future Trend of the South China Sea Problem 168
5.3.1. The Problems China Should Face 168
5.3.2. Study the value of Article 298 "Optional Exceptions" to resolve disputes in the South China Sea 170
5.4. Conclusion 172
CHAPTER VI. The Significance of the Compulsory Procedure of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to the South China Sea Arbitration Case 174
6.1. Rational Utilization of Compulsory Procedure 174
6.1.1. Timely conclusion of general, regional or bilateral agreements with neighbouring countries 174
6.1.2. Exchange of views in time after disputes occur 176
6.1.3. Timely declarations on optional exceptions to the Convention 177
6.1.4. Prompt introduction of compulsory procedures under the Convention 178
6.2. Proposal to China 179
6.2.1. Proposals on South China Sea Arbitration 179
6.2.2. Proposals for other maritime disputes 182
6.3. Conclusion 186
CHAPTER VII. Conclusion 187
REFERENCE 196