Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
LISTS OF ABBREVIATIONS 14
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 16
1-1. Introduction 16
1-2. Aim and Objective of the Study 20
1-3. Research Methodology 20
1-4. Structure of Dissertation 21
CHAPTER II: GENERAL OVERVIEW OF VIOLATION DETAINEE RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA 22
2-1. General Overview 22
2-1.1. Definition of detainee 23
2-1.2. Human Rights of Detainees in Ethiopia 25
2-2. Violation and Abuses Against Detainee Rights in Ethiopia 30
2-2.1. Ethiopia's prison 31
2-2.2. Abuses and ill-treatment in Ethiopia's prison 34
2-2.3. Torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment 37
2-2.4. The Right to Fair Trial 42
2-2.5. Freedom of Religion 43
CHAPTER III: LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROTECTION OF DETAINEE'S RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 46
3-1. Introduction 46
3-2. UN Legal Framework on the Protection of Detainee's Rights 47
3-2.1. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights 48
3-2.2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 49
3-2.3. Convention Against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 51
3-2.4. Convention for the Protection of all Persons from Enforced Disappearance 53
3-2.5. UN Standards and Principles Pertinent to Rights of Detained Persons 54
3-3. Africa Legal Instruments on Detainees Rights 57
3-3.1. Introduction 57
3-3.2. African Charter on Human and People's Rights 58
3-3.3. Special Rapporteur on Prisons and Conditions of Detention 59
3-3.4. The Robben Island Guidelines 59
3-3.5. The Africa Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) 60
3-4. Europe Legal Instruments on Detainee's Rights 61
3-4.1. European Convention on Human Rights 61
3-4.2. The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 62
3-4.3. Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners 62
3-5. American Legal Instruments on Detainee's Rights 63
3-5.1. American Convention on Human Rights 63
3-5.2. Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture 63
3-5.3. Principles and Best Practices on the Protection of Persons Deprived of Liberty 64
3-6. Conclusion 65
CHAPTER IV: THE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF DETAINEE RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA 67
4-1. Causes and Consequence of Detainees Rights in Ethiopia 69
4-1.1. Causes of Detainee Rights in Ethiopia 69
4-1.2. The consequence of Detainee Rights in Ethiopia 78
4-2. The Legal Framework Governing the Protection Detainees Rights in Ethiopia 88
4-2.1. Introduction 88
4-2.2. The 1931 Constitution 89
4-2.3. The 1957 Criminal Code 90
4-2.4. The FDRE Constitution 1995 90
4-2.5. Federal Prisons Commission Establishment Proclamation 93
4-2.6. The Criminal Code (2004) 95
4-2.7. The Draft Criminal Procedure Code 97
4-2.8. Council of Ministers Regulation on the treatment of Federal Prisoners 98
4-3. Enforcement Challenges 99
4-4. Conclusion 101
CHAPTER V: THE FURTHER IMPROVEMENT ON THE DETAINEE'S RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA 104
5-1. Criminal Responsibility regarding Illegal Abuse of Detainees in Ethiopia 105
5-1.1. The Analysis of Illegal Abuse of Detainees as Crime Against Humanity 105
5-1.2. The Illegal Abuse of Detainees in Ethiopia Under the ICC Jurisdiction 107
5-2. Recommendation to the Ethiopia Government 111
5-2.1. Promoting and Protecting the Detainee Rights 111
5-2.2. Improving the Conditions and Facilities of the Prison in Accordance with International Standard 112
5-2.3. Ensuring the Principle of Fair Trial and Accountability of Juridical System 115
5-2.4. Preventing the Ill-Treatment and All Forms of Abuse on Detainees 118
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSION 120
REFERENCES 124