Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATION 14
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 17
1-1. Introduction 17
1-2. Study Objective 21
1-3. The Scope of Limitation of the Study 24
1-4. Research and Methodology 25
CHAPTER II: THE GENERAL OVERVIEW OVER ARMED CONFLICT AND HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION IN AFGHANISTAN AND SYRIA 25
2-1. The General Background of Armed Conflict in Afghanistan and Syria 26
2-2. The Background of Armed Conflict and International Humanitarian Intervention in Afghanistan and Syria 27
2-2.1. The Conflict Background and Humanitarian Act in Afghanistan 27
2-2.2. The Conflict Background and Humanitarian Intervention in Syria 37
2-3. Conclusion 49
CHAPTER III: THE PROTECTION OF NON-COMBATANT AND THE RIGHTS OF VICTIM UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN AFGHANISTAN AND SYRIA 51
3-1. The Definition of Non-Combatant and Victim of War 51
3-1.1. The Definition of Non-Combatant 51
3-1.2. The Definition of the Victims 52
3-2. International Convention and Treaty on Non-Combatant and Right of Victims Under International Criminal Law and International Humanitarian Law 54
3-2.1. International Conventions and Treaties on Right of Victims and Non-Combatant 54
3-3. Customary International Law 67
3-3.1. The Hague Convention 1899 67
3-3.2. 1949 Geneva Convention I and Geneva Convention II 68
3-3.3. 1949 Geneva Convention III 70
3-3.4. 1949 Geneva Convention IV 72
3-3.5. Additional Protocol (II) to the Geneva Convention 73
3-4. National Legislation in Afghanistan and Syria 75
3-4.1. Constitution in Afghanistan 76
3-4.2. Penal Code of Afghanistan 77
3-5. Conclusion 78
CHAPTER IV: THE KEY RESPONSE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTOR UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW OVER PROTECTION OF NON-COMBATANT DURING ARMED CONFLICT AND VICTIMS IN AFGHANISTAN AND SYRIA 80
4-1. The Applicability of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Conflict 80
4-1.1. Legal Sources of International Humanitarian Law 81
4-1.2. The Scope of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Conflict 82
4-1.3. The Bulletin on the Observance by United Nations Force of International Humanitarian Law 84
4-2. The Jurisdiction of the United Nations Under International Humanitarian Law in Afghanistan and Syria 87
4-2.1. The Timeline United Nations Intervention in Afghanistan 87
4-2.2. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386 (2001) 89
4-2.3. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and The Human Right Report 100
4-2.4. The International Humanitarian Intervention in Syria 103
4-3. Conclusion 112
CHAPTER V: KEY ANALYZES ON CRIMINAL LIABILITY ON THE VIOLATION AGAINST NON-COMBATANT AND VICTIMS IN AFGHANISTAN AND SYRIA 114
5-1. The Legal Sources of International Criminal Law 115
5-1.1. The Applicable Treaty of International Criminal Law 117
5-1.2. Customary International Law 119
5-1.3. General Principle of ICL and the Judicial Decision 122
5-2. The International Jurisdiction of ICC over the Crime in Armed Conflict 123
5-2.1. Conferral of Jurisdiction Through A Treaty Over the State Member 125
5-2.2. The Jurisdiction of ICC over National of Non-State Parties 128
5-2.3. The Jurisdiction of ICC on the Responsibility of Individual 131
5-2.4. The Responsibility of State for Acts of Private Entities 133
5-3. The Legal Analysis of the Types of Crimes over Non-Combatants and the Victims under the Rome Statute in Afghanistan and Syria 135
5-3.1. General Introduction to War Crime 135
5-3.2. General Introduction to Crime Against Humanity 148
5-4. Conclusion 157
CHAPTER VI: THE FURTHER RESOLUTION UNDER THE INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW REGARDING CRIMINAL PROTECTING NON-COMBATANT AND THE VICTIMS DURING ARMED CONFLICT 161
6-1. The Essential in Implementing on the International Criminal Law and International Humanitarian Law by International and National Actor in Afghanistan 163
6-1.1. The Acceleration of ICC Proceeding in Afghanistan 163
6-1.2. The Implementation of International Humanitarian Law Over the Afghanistan Situation 164
6-1.3. The Withdrawal of the International Coalition Force from Afghanistan 166
6-1.4. The Problem-Solving in the National Level of Afghanistan Government 168
6-2. International Actors Over the Implementation of the International Criminal Law, in Syria 170
6-2.1. The UN Security Council Referral Case to ICC 171
6-2.2. The Pressure and Economic Sanction from International 173
6-2.3. The Problem Solving at the National Level of Syria Government 176
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION 178
REFERENCES 182