Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
ABBREVIATIONS 10
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT NAIROBI MINISTER DECLARATION 11
1. Background 11
2. Trends in the use of export subsidies 14
3. What is the Nairobi Minister Declaration? 16
3.1. Export subsidies 18
3.2. So, why the Nairobi Minister Declaration should be adopted now? 20
CHAPTER 2. THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDY AND AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDY EXPORTATION 22
I. Definition of agricultural product 22
II. Definition of agricultural subsidy 24
a. Definition of agricultural subsidy 25
b. Benefits of agricultural subsidy policy 27
c. Criticism of agricultural subsidy policy 28
d. Forms of agricultural subsidy 30
e. Classification of agricultural subsidy 31
III. Definition of agricultural export subsidy 32
1. Definition of agricultural export subsidy 32
2. Agricultural export subsidy for the WTO's member participating before 1995 35
CHAPTER 3. BACKGROUND AND PROCESS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES BEFORE NAIROBI MINISTERIAL DECLARATION IS ADOPTED 36
I. The general background of the agricultural negotiation in the WTO framework 37
1. Negotiations on agricultural export subsidies before 19/12/2015 37
2. The regulation of WTO about the export subsidies 40
3. Negotiation situation about agricultural subsidies in the WTO framework 45
II. The legal framework in the groups of country members in the WTO 50
1. The Legal Framework in the United States 50
2. The Legal Framework in the European Union 58
3. The Legal Framework in China 67
4. The Legal Framework in Viet Nam 76
CHAPTER 4. THE IMPACT OF THE NAIROBI MINISTERIAL DECLARATION IN WTO FRAMEWORK ABOUT THE SUBSIDIES OF EXPORT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 84
I. The general impact 84
II. The impact of Nairobi Ministerial Declaration on developed country members (United States, EU, Australia...) 88
1. EU (European Communication) 89
2. U.S 94
III. The impact of Nairobi Ministerial Declaration on developing country members (Vietnam, China,...) 101
1. Vietnam 101
2. China 102
IV. The impact of Nairobi Ministerial Declaration on the least-developed countries 103
CHAPTER 5. THE FUTURE WORK OF THE WTO AFTER THE NAIROBI MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE 106
1. Overdue Decisions on Agriculture 107
2. Measures Benefiting the Poorest Countries 109
3. Tariff Elimination for Defined IT-Products 110
4. Ways Forward for the WTO 110
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 118
ANNEX 1. Evolution of Commitments under the Doha Round 120
BIBLIOGRAPHY 123