Title Page
Contents
List of Abbreviations 12
Abstract 14
Chapter I. Introduction 16
1.1. Research Background 16
1.2. Problem Statement 18
1.3. Hypothesis and Objective of the Study 20
1.4. Significance of the Study 21
Chapter II. Literature Review 24
2.1. Microfinance 24
2.1.1. What is Microfinance? 24
2.1.2. Characteristics of Microfinance 25
2.1.3. History and Overview of Microfinance 26
2.1.4. Effectiveness of Microfinance 28
2.2. Cooperatives 29
2.2.1. What is Cooperative? 29
2.2.2. Cooperative Principles 30
2.2.3. Rural Development and Cooperatives 37
2.2.4. Microfinance and Cooperatives 40
2.2.5. Effectiveness of Cooperative Loan 42
2.3. Cooperatives' Movement in Myanmar 44
2.3.1. Cooperatives in Myanmar 44
2.3.2. Current Cooperative Policy of Government 48
2.3.3. Overview of Cooperative Microfinance Loan (CML) 50
Chapter III. Research Methodology 54
3.1. Research Area 54
3.1.1. Overview of Research Area 54
3.1.2. Current Situation of Microfinance Institutions in Research Area 55
3.1.3. Overview of Cooperatives in Chaung Oo Township 57
3.2. Research Design 61
3.3. Data Collection and Methodology 63
3.4. Measurement 65
Chapter IV. Empirical Result and Analysis 67
4.1. Demographic Characteristics of Cooperative Members 67
4.1.1. Distribution of Primary Cooperative Societies and Members 67
4.1.2. Socio-demographic Characteristics of members 68
4.2. Microfinance Experience and Loan Utilization of Members 70
4.2.1. Microfinance Experience of Members 70
4.2.2. CML Program Experience of Members 71
4.2.3. Loan Utilization of Members 74
4.3. Effects of CML Program on Livelihood of Members 75
4.3.1. Situation of Household Income 75
4.3.2. The Living Condition of members 78
4.3.3. Situation of Education of the Children and Healthcare Access 82
4.4. Saving Information 83
4.5. Satisfaction of Members on CML Program 86
4.5.1. Satisfaction on the effects of Cooperative Loan System 86
4.5.2. Satisfaction on the Livelihood Improvement of members 89
Chapter V. Conclusion and Suggestion 92
5.1. Conclusion 92
5.1.1. Finding and Discussion 92
5.2. Suggestion and Recommendation 97
References 100
Appendices 110
요약 117
〈Table 1〉 Research Process Chart 23
〈Table 2.1〉 Situation of Organized Cooperative Societies (As of31-3-2019) 47
〈Table 2.2〉 Allocation of Interest Rate on loan disbursement 52
〈Table 3.1〉 Primary Cooperative Societies in Chaung Oo Township 58
〈Table 3.2〉 Current Loan distribution on Farmers (million MMK) 59
〈Table 3.3〉 Selling Farm Equipment by HP System (Million MMK) 60
〈Table 3.4〉 Measurement scales for variables 66
〈Table 4.1〉 Distribution of cooperative societies and members in study area 67
〈Table 4.2〉 Socio-demographic characteristics of Cooperative member farmers 68
〈Table 4.3〉 CML program experiences of members 72
〈Table 4.4〉 Difficulties in loan repayment 72
〈Table 4.5〉 Comparison of household income before & after taking a loan 76
〈Table 4.6〉 The reason for income situation 77
〈Table 4.7〉 Comparative Analysis of Income Situation by Pair Sample t-Test 78
〈Table 4.8〉 Comparison of housing type before & after taking a loan 79
〈Table 4.9〉 Comparison of household assets before & after taking a loan 80
〈Table 4.10〉 Member's saving capacity 84
〈Table 4.11〉 Relationship between Loan Amount and Saving Money 86
〈Table 4.12〉 Satisfaction on the effect of Cooperative Loan System 88
〈Table 4.13〉 Satisfaction on the improvement of livelihood of members 90
〈Figure 2.1〉 Tier-System of cooperative society in Myanmar 46
〈Figure 2.2〉 Structure of Cooperative Movement 47
〈Figure 3.1〉 Map of Study area in Chaung Oo Township 55
〈Figure 3.2〉 Framework of Survey Design 62
〈Figure 3.3〉 Conceptual Framework 63
〈Figure 4.1〉 Microfinance Experience of respondents 71
〈Figure 4.2〉 Kinds of difficulty in loan repayment 73
〈Figure 4.3〉 Participation of training program 74
〈Figure 4.4〉 Utilization of loan 75
〈Figure 4.5〉 Household income situation 77
〈Figure 4.6〉 Comparison of housing assets before & after taking loan 81
〈Figure 4.7〉 Improvement of household consumption 82
〈Figure 4.8〉 Improvement of children's education and healthcare access 83
〈Figure 4.9〉 Purpose of Saving 85