Title Page
Abstract
Contents
List of Abbreviations 13
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 14
1.1. Background 14
1.2. Research Questions 19
1.3. Research Objectives 19
1.4. Significance of Analysis 20
1.5. Scope of Area 20
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 22
2.1. Definition of Competitiveness 22
2.2. Theory of International Trade 22
2.2.1. Theory of Absolute Advantage 23
2.2.2. Theory of Comparative Advantage 23
2.2.3. Theory of Competitive Advantage 23
2.3. International Trade Barriers 24
2.3.1. Tariff Barrier 24
2.3.2. Non Tariff Barrier 24
2.4. Export Tax or Export Duty Policy 25
2.5. Empirical Literature 28
2.6. Research Framework 34
CHAPTER 3. OVERVIEW OF INDONESIAN CPO 37
3.1. History of Indonesian CPO 37
3.2. Development Area of Crude Palm Oil Plantation 37
3.3. The Development of Production and Productivity of CPO 39
3.4. Domestic Consumption of Indonesian CPO 40
3.5. Indonesian CPO Industry 41
3.5.1. Upstream Industry 41
3.5.2. Intermediary Industry 42
3.5.3. Downstream Industry 42
3.6. Indonesian CPO Export Tariff Policy 42
3.7. Government Policy 43
CHAPTER 4. METHODOLOGY 46
4.1. Model used 46
4.2. Methodology 47
4.2.1. Specification of Regression Model 47
4.2.2. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Method 49
4.3. Data Specification 51
4.3.1. Data Used in OLS Method 51
4.3.2. Data Used in RCA Method 51
4.4. Hypothesis 51
4.5. Source of Data 52
4.6. Model Validation 53
4.7. Classical Assumption Test 55
CHAPTER 5. RESULT AND ANALYSIS 57
5.1. Descriptive Analysis of The Impact of Export Tax Policy 57
5.2. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Result 60
5.3. Regression Result Analysis 62
5.3.1. Impact of Export Tax 64
5.3.2. Impact of CPO World Export Variable 65
5.3.3. Impact of Exchange Rate 66
5.3.4. Impact of International Price Ratio 67
5.3.5. Impact of GDP of Impoter Countries 68
5.3.6. Impact of Production 69
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 71
6.1. Conclusion 71
6.2. Recommendation 73
REFERENCE 74
Appendices 78
Appendix 1. Regression Result with OLS Method 78
Appendix 2. Multicollinearity Test 79
Appendix 3. Heteroskedasticity Test 80
요약 81
Table 1. World CPO Production 2015-2018 (in Thousand Tons) 16
Table 2. Structure of CPO Export Tax 28
Table 3. Source of Data 52
Table 4. Competitiveness of Indonesian CPO 60
Table 5. Regression Result of Indonesian CPO Export Performance 63
Figure 1. The Volume and Value of Indonesian Exports in 2013-2017 17
Figure 2. Impact of Implementation of Export Tax on Exporting... 27
Figure 3. Summary of Research Framework... 36
Figure 4. Development Area and Production of Indonesian CPO Plantations 38
Figure 5. Comparison Area of the Indonesian CPO Plantations Based on... 39
Figure 6. Domestic Consumption of Indonesia CPO 41
Figure 7. Indonesian CPO Export 57
Figure 8. Comparison of CPO exports to the world from Indonesia, Malaysia... 58
Figure 9. Comparison of CPO Domestic Price and CPO International Price 59