Title Page
ABSTRACT
List of Abbreviation
Contents
CHAPTER I. Introduction 17
1.1. Research Background 17
1.2. Problem Statement 20
1.3. Research Question 21
1.4. Research Objectives 22
1.5. Purpose of the Study 23
1.6. Research Hypothesis 24
1.7. Significant of the Study 24
1.8. Development for Conceptual Framework 25
CHAPTER II. Literature Review 27
2.1. Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) 27
2.2. Public participation in EIA 28
2.3. The Purpose of Public Participation in EIA 29
2.4. Basic principle of Public Participation 31
2.5. General EIA Steps and Public Involvement 32
2.6. Steps of EIA and Public Participation in Myanmar 35
2.7. Development of Thilawa Special Economic Zone in Myanmar 38
2.8. Level of public participation 39
CHAPTER III. Methodology 45
3.1. Introduction 45
3.1.1. Study Area 45
3.1.2. Sample Size 46
3.1.3. Data Collection and Analysis 50
CHAPTER IV. Results and Discussion 54
4.1. Introduction 54
4.2. Demographic 54
4.3. Compare public participation in EIA process for before and after EIA procedure 57
4.3.1. The numbers of attendees to public consultation meeting 58
4.3.2. The numbers of respondents who attended to the public consultation meeting 59
4.3.3. The numbers of attending time to public consultation meetings 60
4.3.4. The invitation time, the venue and time to attend public consultation meeting 61
4.3.5. The methods used in public consultation meeting 62
4.3.6. The factors of listen to the public's opinion and collection comments 63
4.3.7. The factors of involving in decision-making 64
4.3.8. The awareness on EIA before legislation and after legislation 65
4.3.9. The respondents' attitude on job opportunity and job training 66
4.3.10. The attitude of respondent on compensation for land and RWP 66
4.4. Factors affecting public participation in EIA process 68
4.4.1. Invitation method 68
4.4.2. Invitation time, the venue and time for the public consultation meeting 69
4.4.3. The method used in public consultation meeting 70
4.4.4. The distance from the SEZ project 71
4.5. Analysis of public participation using Arnstein Model 73
4.6. Local communities' opinion on public participation during EIA 76
4.6.1. The respondents' satisfaction level of public consultation meeting during EIA process 76
4.6.2. The channel used by respondents to access the information of SEZ project 77
4.6.3. The opinion of respondents on the way to access the project information 78
4.6.4. The respondents' opinion on the way to express their concern 79
4.7. Gaps and challenges in public participation during EIA 80
4.8. Key findings 81
CHAPTER V. Conclusion and Recommendation 83
5.1. Conclusion 83
5.2. Recommendation 84
References 86
Appendices 91
초록 102
Table 1. Public participation in EIA process according to EIA procedure(2015) 36
Table 2. the level of public participation by Sherry Arnstein' Model 41
Table 3. shows the households and population of project affected villages and... 47
Table 4. shows the different knowledge of EIA regarding with gender 55
Table 5. shows the age class of respondents regarding with the awareness on EIA 55
Table 6. shows the education of respondents correlated to numbers of attending... 56
Table 7. shows Paired Sample Test for the number of attending time to public... 61
Table 8. shows Paired Sample Test for the attitude of respondents on the... 62
Table 9. shows Paired Sample Test for the attitude of respondents on the agreement... 64
Table 10. shows Paired Sample Test for the attitude of respondents on the... 66
Table 11. shows Paired Sample Test for the attitude of respondents on... 67
Table 12. shows Spearman's rho Correlation between the times of attending... 69
Table 13. shows Spearman's rho Correlation between the method used in... 71
Table 14. shows relationship between distance from the project and the number of... 72
Table 15. level of public participation using Arnstein Model of ladder of public... 75
Table 16. shows respondents' participation in different stages of EIA process in the... 76
Figure 1. The conceptual framework for the factors affecting public... 26
Figure 2. The steps of EIA and public involvement in each step of EIA process... 35
Figure 3. The level of participation 40
Figure 4. Wheel of Participation 43
Figure 5. shows IAP2 spectrum of public participation(International Association... 44
Figure 6. The location map of Thilawa SEZ Zone (A) and (B) 46
Figure 7. shows the study area of the affected villages by SEZ project in Yangon... 48
Figure 8. shows the area where the survey was conducted for the public... 49
Figure 9. Framework of the research design 52
Figure 10. shows the gender of respondents who participate in the research 54
Figure 11. shows the education level of respondents who participate in the research 56
Figure 12. shows the occupation of respondents who participate in the research 57
Figure 13. Shows the comparison with numbers of attendee to the public... 59
Figure 14. shows the numbers of attendee to the public consultation meetings... 60
Figure 15. shows Paired Sample Test for the attitude of respondents on the method... 63
Figure 16. shows respondents' participation in different stages of EIA process... 65
Figure 17. shows the increase number of respondents who know about EIA after... 65
Figure 18. shows Paired Sample Test for the attitude of respondents on the... 67
Figure 19. shows relationship between acceptance of invitation to attend the... 68
Figure 20. shows the correlation between the times of attending consultation... 70
Figure 21. shows the correlation between the times of attending consultation... 71
Figure 22. shows relationship between distance from the project and the number of... 73
Figure 23. shows respondents' satisfaction level of public consultation meeting... 77
Figure 24. shows the channel used by respondents to access the information of SEZ... 78
Figure 25. shows the way to access the project information 79
Figure 26. shows responds' opinion on the ways to give their comments 80