Title Page
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ACRONYMS
Contents
1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 16
1.1. Background 16
1.2. Problem statement 17
1.3. Justification 18
1.4. 1Hypotheses 18
1.5. Research objectives 19
1.5.1. Main Objective 19
1.5.2. Specific Objectives 19
1.6. Research questions 19
1.7. Scope of the study 20
1.8. Research structure 20
2. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 22
2.1. Introduction 22
2.2. Climate Change from a Global Perspective 22
2.3. Climate Change from a Southern African Regional Perspective 25
2.4. Evidence of Climate Change in Zimbabwe Over the Years 29
2.5. Relationship between climate change and water resources 32
2.6. Water cycle response mechanism of climate change 33
2.6.1. Natural water cycle system 34
2.6.2. "Binary water" cycle system. 34
2.7. Climate change effects on water resources in Africa 35
2.8. Climate change and drought in Africa 37
2.9. Climate change and water availability/ quality in Africa 39
2.10. Climate variability in Zimbabwe 40
2.11. Water resources management in Zimbabwe 41
2.12. Impacts of climate change on water resources 42
2.13. The gap obtained from the review 44
3. CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 45
3.1. Description of study site 45
3.2. Data collection 47
3.2.1. Sampling procedures 48
3.2.2. Purposive sampling 48
3.2.3. Simple random sampling 49
3.3. Data collection instruments 49
3.3.1. Document analysis 49
3.4. Data Presentation and Analysis Procedures 50
4. CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSION 52
4.1. Introduction 52
4.2. Representative Concentration pathways and rainfall trends 52
4.2.1. Rainfall trend for Bindura 53
4.3. Climate Scenario for Bindura and water resource change 58
4.4. Questionnaire Response 60
4.4.1. Questionnaire Completion Rate 60
4.4.2. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 61
4.5. Perceptions on climate change and its impact to municipal water resources 62
4.5.1. Effects of climate change on Municipal water resources 64
4.5.2. Climate-related hazards 65
4.6. Climate change adaptation strategies 66
4.6.1. Adaptation measure to the impacts of Climate Change on Municipal Water Resources 68
4.7. Social impacts of climate change 69
5. CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 72
5.1. Summary 72
5.2. Conclusion 73
5.3. Recommendations 73
APPENDIX 76
REFERENCES 86
요약 92
Table 2.1. A summary of past and future climate trends in Zimbabwe 31
Table 2.2. Climate change related effects on water resources in Africa 35
Table 4.1. Below illustrates the completion rate and questionnaire rate for all the questionnaires... 60
Table 4.2. Sources of Municipal water 65
Table 4.3. Measure to deter the impacts of climate change on water resources 68
Table 4.4. Responsibility to fetch water 70
Table 4.5. Social impacts of climate change 70
Table 5.1. Strategies and Action that can be implemented towards municipal water resources 74
Figure 2.1. Trends in temperature change and atmosphere CO2 concentrations 1850-2010 23
Figure 2.2. Global near-surface temperatures from 1880 to 2000 24
Figure 2.3. 30-year running means of area average 2m-temperature scenario 1. Shown are the... 27
Figure 2.4. Number of days with a minimum temperature of 12OC and maximum of 30 OC during 1950-... 30
Figure 2.5. Time series of the national average rainfall for Zimbabwe 1901-2009 Courtesy of the... 31
Figure 2.6. Cycle diagram illustrating the effects of climate change 33
Figure 3.1. The map of Zimbabwe showing the catchment areas and major towns and cities in each... 45
Figure 3.2. The map of Zimbabwe showing the study area, Bindura District 46
Figure 4.1. RCP scenario atmospheric CO2 concentration through 2100 53
Figure 4.2. The Summary statistics of annual rainfall for Bindura at RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios 54
Figure 4.3. Annual rainfall of RCP 4.5 scenario 55
Figure 4.4. Annual rainfall of RCP 8.5 scenario 56
Figure 4.5. The total annual rainfall trend from 1950 to 2100 for Bindura 57