Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
LIST OF ABREVIATION
CHAPTER ONE. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 12
CHAPTER TWO. LITTERATURE REVIEW 17
2.1. Social protection 17
2.1.1. How poverty and vulnerability relate to social protection 18
2.1.2. Different components of social protection 18
2.2. Poverty concept 20
2.3. Cause of poverty 20
2.4. Vision 2020 Umurenge Program (VUP) 22
CHAPTER THREE. METHODOLOGY 25
3.1. Introduction 25
3.2. Research design 25
3.3. Research approaches 25
3.4. Population of the study 26
3.5. Sampling procedure and sampling design 26
3.6. Sample size 26
3.7. Collection methods of data 27
3.8. Collection instruments of data 27
3.8.1. Questionnaire 27
3.8.2. Documentation 27
3.9. Pprocessing and analysis of Data 27
3.9.1. Editing 27
3.9.2. Coding 28
3.9.3. Tabulation 28
3.9.4. Data analysis 28
CHAPTER FOUR. FINDINGS PRESENTATION 29
4.1. Presentation of Nyaruguu District 29
4.2.4. 4.1.1. Geographical limits of the District 29
4.1.2. Demography 30
4.1.3. Poverty Trend in Rwanda, 2010/11-2013/14 30
4.2. Interpretation and discussion 34
4.2.1. Response rate 34
4.2.2. Background information of respondents 34
4.2.3. Criteria used to determine the beneficiaries of VUP 37
4.2.4. Housing characteristics 39
4.2.5. Access to public infrastructures and services 41
4.2.6. Acquisition of Assets 45
4.2.7. Food Security and malnutrition 48
4.2.8. Financial services 50
4.2.9. Satisfaction of the community after introduction of VUP 51
4.2.10. Challenges and constraints to VUP 57
CHAPTER FIVE. CONCLUSION 61
5.1. Summary 61
5.2. Recommendations 62
REFERENCES 64
APPENDICES 66
요약 78
TABLE 1. Poverty indicators Rates by Province 31
TABLE 2. Level and growth of annual consumption 33
TABLE 3. Characteristics of respondents 35
TABLE 4. Sensitization of community members 37
TABLE 5. Reason of being VUP beneficiary 38
TABLE 6. Housing property 39
TABLE 7. Housing characteristics 40
TABLE 8. Source of water 41
TABLE 9. Main Source of energy 42
TABLE 10. Access to social infrastructures 44
TABLE 11. Durable assets acquired by VUP 46
TABLE 12. Domestic animals acquired by VUP 47
TABLE 13. Number of Meals per day 49
TABLE 14. Able to take loans 50
TABLE 15. Satisfaction of the community after introduction of VUP 52
TABLE 16. Estimated income per month after being VUP beneficiaries 57
TABLE 17. Challenges and constraints to VUP 58
Figure 1. Map of Nyaruguru District 29
Figure 2. Poverty rates in Rwanda 32
Figure 3. Schools and toilets by VUP 45
Figure 4. Durable assets 46
Figure 5. Domestic animals acquired 48
Figure 6. Number of meals 49
Figure 7. Roads constructed by VUP in Rusenge 53
Figure 8. Radical terraces 55
Figure 9. Anti-erosion ditches 56