Title Page
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Contents
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 11
1.1. Rationale 11
1.2. Background 14
1.3. Purpose 15
1.4. Objects and Scope 16
1.5. Methodology 17
1.6. Scientific significance and the value of the subject 18
CHAPTER II: OVERVIEW OF TWO-SIDED MARKETS AND COMPETITION AMONG TWO-SIDED PLATFORMS 19
2.1. What Is Two-Sided Markets? 19
2.1.1. Four examples 19
2.1.2. Definition 28
2.2. Characteristics of Two-Sided Markets 32
2.2.1. Two groups of consumers 32
2.2.2. Indirect network effects across groups 33
2.2.3. Non-neutrality of the price structure 35
2.3. Classification of Two-sided Markets 40
2.4. Competition among Two-Sided Platforms 43
CHAPTER III: TWO-SIDED MARKETS REGULATIONS AND POLICIES: CASE STUDIES AND EXPERIENCE FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES 49
3.1. European Union Cases 51
3.1.1. Mergers and Acquisitions Cases under European Union Regulations 52
3.2. United States Cases 59
3.2.1. United States v. First Data Corp. and Concord EFS, Inc. 63
3.2.2. United States v. VISA U.S.A. Inc. 66
3.3. Australia Cases 67
3.4. Issues arising from case studies 78
3.4.1. The relevant market 78
3.4.2. The predatory pricing 87
CHAPTER IV: POLICIES PROPOSALS FOR TWO-SIDED MARKETS IN VIETNAM 95
4.1. Legal Issues related to Two-sided Markets Considerations under Vietnamese Competition Law Analysis 95
4.1.1. Relevant Market under Vietnamese Competition Law Analysis 95
4.1.2. Predatory Pricing under Vietnamese Competition Law Analysis 104
4.2. The Status of Two-Sided Businesses' Operations in Vietnam 110
4.3. Policies proposals for two-sided markets in Vietnam 114
4.3.1. General legal framework for two-sided markets in Vietnam 114
4.3.2. The relevant market related to two-sided markets in Vietnam 116
4.3.3. The predatory pricing related to two-sided markets in Vietnam 126
CONCLUSION 133
REFERENCES 135
ANNEXES 145