Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 13
1. Purpose of research 13
2. Scope of research 16
3. Method(s) of research 17
Chapter II. OVERVIEW ABOUT CHILDREN'S RIGHTS IN JUVENILE JUSTICE UNDER THE CRC. 18
2.1. Definition 18
2.1.1. Definition of Children 18
2.1.2. Juvenile Delinquency 22
2.1.3. Juvenile Justice 23
2.1.4. The minimum age of criminal responsibility 25
2.1.5. The upper age-limit for juvenile justice 28
2.2. The General Principles Of A Comprehensive Policy For Juvenile Justice 30
2.2.1. Principle of Non-discrimination/Equality (Article 2) 31
2.2.2. Principle of Best interests of the child (Article 3) 34
2.2.3. Principle of the right to life, survival and development (Article 6) 39
2.2.4. Principle of The right to be heard (Article 12) 41
2.2.5. Principle of Dignity (Article 40 (1)) 43
2.3. The Core Elements Of A Comprehensive Juvenile Justice Policy 47
2.3.1. Prevention of juvenile delinquency 48
2.3.2. Interventions/diversion 51
2.3.3. The guarantees for a fair trial 56
2.3.4. Measures 77
2.3.5. Deprivation of liberty, including pretrial detention and post-trial incarceration 81
Chapter III. JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF VIETNAM 88
3.1. Brief introduction about juvenile justice in history of Vietnam 88
3.2. 'Child' and 'Juvenile' in the Context of Vietnam 94
3.3. General regulation on criminal prosecution against juvenile offenders in modern criminal codes of Vietnam 99
3.3.1. Age Subject to Penal Liability 99
3.3.2. General Principles for Handling Juvenile Offenders 105
3.3.3. Treatment for Juvenile Offenders 110
3.3.4. Procedures and the Rights of Juvenile Offenders 120
3.4. The juvenile court in Vietnam 141
3.5. Conclusion 144
Chapter IV. JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INDIA 146
4.1. Concepts, Fundamental Principles And Definitions 146
4.1.1. First Principle - Principle of Presumption of innocence 147
4.1.2. Second Principle - Principle of dignity and worth 151
4.1.3. Third Principle - Principle of Right to be heard 152
4.1.4. Fourth Principle - Principle of Best Interest 153
4.1.5. Fifth Principle - Principle of family responsibility 154
4.1.6. Sixth Principle - Principle of Safety 156
4.1.7. Seventh Principle - Positive measures 156
4.1.8. Eighth Principle - Principle of non-stigmatizing semantics, decisions and actions 157
4.1.9. Ninth Principle - Principle of non-waiver of rights 158
4.1.10. Tenth Principle - Principle of equality and non-discrimination 158
4.1.11. Eleventh Principle - Principle of right to privacy and confidentiality 159
4.1.12. Twelveth Principle - Principle of last resort 160
4.1.13. Thirteenth Principle - Principle of repatriation and restoration 160
4.1.14. Fourteenth Principle - Principle of Fresh Start 161
4.2. General regulation on criminal prosecution against juvenile offenders in modern criminal codes of India 162
4.2.1. Age Subject to Penal Liability 162
4.2.2. Treatment for Juvenile Offenders 171
4.2.3. Participation in the Procedure by Representative, Schools and Organizations 177
4.3. The juvenile court in India 178
4.3.1. Board 181
4.3.2. Advisory Board 182
4.4. Conclusion 182
Chapter V. THE CURRENT TRENDS IN JUVENILE JUSTICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS 187
5.1. Development Trends and Vietnam's Context of Judicial Reform 187
5.1.1. Development Trends of Juvenile Justice 187
5.1.2. The Context of Judicial Reform in Vietnam 191
5.2. Recommendations for Vietnam 199
5.2.1. Requirements for Legal Regulation and Judicial Organization 201
5.2.2. Requirements for Resources and Mechanisms for Implementation 204
Chapter VI. CONCLUSION 207
REFERENCES 216