Title Page
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS
Contents
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 15
1.1. Introduction 15
1.2. Aim and Objective of the Study 17
1.3. Scope and Research Method 18
CHAPTER II. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF ROHINGYA 21
2.1. The state of Human Rights of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar 21
2.2. Violation and abuses against Rohingya in Myanmar 27
2.2.1. Arbitrary deprivation of nationality 27
2.2.2. Restrictions on freedom of movement 28
2.2.3. Threats to life, liberty and security 30
2.2.4. Sexual and gender-based violence 31
2.2.5. Denial of the right to health 32
2.2.6. Denial of the right to education 33
2.2.7. Other restrictions based on local orders 34
2.2.8. Limitation on political rights and document 35
2.2.9. Forced labour 36
2.2.10. Trafficking in persons and migrant smuggling 37
2.2.11. Protracted displacement and denial of an adequate standard of living 38
CHAPTER III. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PROTECTION ON MINORITY RIGHTS UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW 40
3.1. International Law Instruments 40
3.1.1. Legal Framework and Sources of International Human Rights Law 41
3.2. ASEAN and Its Human Rights 63
3.2.1. Introduction to ASEAN 63
3.2.2. ASEAN Instruments 66
3.3. Conclusion 74
CHAPTER IV. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES ON ROHINGYA ISSUE AND RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT ROHINGYA 77
4.1. Responses on Rohingya Muslims Crisis 78
4.1.1. Response from European Union 78
4.1.2. Responses from the United States 81
4.1.3. Responses from ASEAN 84
4.1.4. Neighbouring Countries' Responses 87
4.2. Responsibility to Protect the Rohingya 91
4.3. Conclusion 95
CHAPTER V. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LIABILITIES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 96
5.1. Crime against Humanity 97
5.1.1. Introduction to the Crime against Humanity 97
5.1.2. Elements of the Crime against Humanity 101
5.1.3. The Analysis of Rohingya Cases as Crime against Humanity 102
5.2. The crime of Genocide against the Rohingya 105
5.2.1. Introduction to Crime of Genocide 105
5.2.2. Elements of Crime of Genocide 108
5.2.3. The Analysis of Rohingya Case as Crime of Genocide 110
5.3. Conclusion 116
CHAPTER VI. RECOMMENDATIONS 119
6.1. Recommendations to the Myanmar Government 119
6.1.1. Amendment to the 1982 Citizenship Act 119
6.1.2. Promoting and Protecting the right of the Rohingya 121
6.1.3. To the Myanmar Authorities 122
6.2. Recommendation to International Community and Organization 125
6.3. The Compulsory of an "ICC Referral" from UN Security Council 128
CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION 130
REFERENCES 134