Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
ABBREVIATION 12
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 13
1.2. Statement of Legal Issue 17
1.3. Aim of research and objective of study 19
1.4. Scope and Limitation of study 20
1.5. Methodology 20
CHAPTER II: THE ISSUE AND REGIONAL RESPONE ON CHILD PROTECTION IN HARZADOUS WORK IN MALAWI 21
2.1. Introduction 21
2.1.1. Child Working in Tobacco Context 22
2.1.2. Cause of Child Labour in Tobacco Estate in Malawi 26
2.1.3. Respond to Child Working on Tobacco Estate in Malawi 33
2.2. Malawi and International Legal Framework one Child Protection 35
2.3. Malawi and ILO Mechanism on Child Protection Convention 37
2.4. Malawi and National Legislation Relating to Child Labour 38
2.5. Conclusion 40
CHAPTER III: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON CHILD PROTECTION 42
3.1. Customary International Law 43
3.2. Treaties 44
3.3. Source of International Law on Child Labour 44
3.3.1. Universal Declaration of Human Right (UDHR) 45
3.3.2. United Nation Charter 50
3.3.3. International Convention on Economic, Social and Culture Rights (ICESCR) 51
3.3.4. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 55
3.4. The Development of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 60
3.4.1. The 1924 Declaration on the Right of the Child 61
3.4.2. The 1959 Declaration on the Rights of the Child 66
3.4.3. The Convention on the Right of Child 70
3.5. Conclusion 73
Chapter IV: ILO's activism on Mechanism of Child Protection WFLC 75
4.1. ILO Conventions and Its Activism 75
4.1.1. The Four Stages of ILO Activism in Legislating Convention Concerning Child Labour 77
4.2. The Role of the ILO's International Program on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) 91
4.3. Conclusion 93
Chapter V: African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and Relevant national legislation in Malawi to Elimination of child labour, protection of children and young persons 96
5.1. African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) 96
5.1.1. Right to Survival and Development 98
5.1.2. Right to Education 98
5.1.3. Right to Leisure 99
5.1.4. Health Service 100
5.1.5. Right to Get Protection and Hazardous Activities 101
5.1.6. State Responsibility 102
5.1.7. Right to Protect From Abuse 103
5.1.8. Sexual Exploitation 103
5.2. Relevant national legislation in Malawi to Elimination of child labour, protection of children and young persons 104
5.2.1. Employment (Prohibition of Hazardous Work for Children) Order 2012 106
5.2.2. Child Care, Protection and Justice Act, 2010 (No. 22 of 2010) 108
5.2.3. National Youth Council of Malawi Act, 1996 (No. 22 of 1996) 110
5.2.4. Young Pioneers (Repeal) Act, 1994 (No. 12 of 1994) 111
5.2.5. Censorship and Control of Entertainments Act (Cap. 21:01) (L.R.O. 1/1982). 111
5.3. Conclusion 112
CHAPTER VI: RECOMMENDATION 118
6.1. Recommendation 118
6.1.1. Introduction 118
6.1.2. Implementation of Current International and National Legal Framework Regarding Child Protection 118
6.1.3. International Labour Organization on the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation 124
6.1.4. Encourage Employers to Hire Children to Do Light Work 131
6.1.5. Improve Education Program and Income Opportunities for Parents 131
6.1.6. Fight against Poverty 132
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION 134
REFERENCES 138