Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 11
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 12
1. Background 12
2. Purposeand structure 15
3. Research Question 16
4. Research Methodologies 16
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 17
1. Air Quality Management in Cities 17
2. Conceptual Framework 31
CHAPTER 3. THE SITUATION OF AIR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HANOI 34
3.1. Brief introduction about Hanoi 34
3.2. Vietnam national standards about air quality 35
3.3. Air quality in Hanoi 36
3.4. Current situation and practical application of air quality protection law 41
CHAPTER 4. METHODOLOGIES 49
4.1. In-depth interview 49
4.2. Questions for interviewers 50
4.3. Summary of survey response 54
CHAPTER 5. KEY FINDINGS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 62
5.1. Key findings 62
5.2. Policy implications 64
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS 73
CONFERENCE 76
요약 78
Table 1. National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality 35
Table 2. Air quality index 36
Table 3. The legal document system 44
Table 4. List of automatic fixed air monitoring stations in Hanoi 47
Table 5. Brief information of respondents 53
Figure 1. GDP growth by economic sectors 12
Figure 2. Air Pollution Cost in Countries 13
Figure 3. National Air Quality Level Trend in Korea 18
Figure 4. The Electric bus system in Seoul 20
Figure 5. Trend of ground-based transport emissions of air pollutants in... 22
Figure 6. Trend of air quality in Thailand during 1998-2014 23
Figure 7. Ambien Air Quality Monitoring in Bangkok 24
Figure 8. Annual mean concentration of PM2.5 25
Figure 9. AnnualPM10 average trend in Jakarta 28
Figure 10. Conceptual framework 31
Figure 11. Map of Hanoi land use in 2017 34
Figure 12. Air quality index in Hanoi 37
Figure 13. Quantity of days with corresponding AQI 37
Figure 14. The ratio of PM₁/PM10 and PM2.5/PM10 in Hanoi(이미지참조) 38
Figure 15. Annual average concentrations of NO₂ almost from transportation 39
Figure 16. Annual road and residential areas average SO₂ concentrations... 40
Figure 17. The average CO concentration in the ambient air in some urban... 40