Title Page
Abstract
Contents
List of Abbreviation 11
1. INTRODUCTION 12
1.1. Research Background 12
1.2. Justification 13
1.3. Objectives 16
1.3.1. General objective 16
1.3.2. Specific objectives 16
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 17
2.1. Participatory approaches 17
2.1.1. Participatory process actors 19
2.1.2. Participation types or levels in a participatory process 19
2.1.3. Participatory process phases 24
2.1.4. Participatory processes advantages 25
2.1.5. Participatory processes limitations 26
2.1.6. Participatory approach in water and basic sanitation projects 26
2.2. Planning of drinking water supply and basic sanitation projects 29
2.2.1. The rural concept 31
2.2.2. Generalities 31
2.2.3. Access to drinking water and basic sanitation in rural areas 33
3. METHODOLOGY 36
3.1. Study Area 37
3.2. Data collection 39
3.3. Data Analysis 42
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 45
4.1. Public policies 46
4.2. Planning of water and basic sanitation projects in rural areas 51
4.3. Participatory approaches in project planning 54
4.3.1. Usefulness and relevance 54
4.3.2. Methodologies 57
4.3.3. Community involvement 61
4.3.4. Contributions of the use of participatory approaches 62
4.3.5. Barriers to the use of participatory approaches 64
4.4. Requirements for the effective application of participatory approach 65
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 71
5.1. General conclusions 71
5.2. Specific conclusions 72
5.3. Recommendations 73
5.4. Future works 74
REFERENCES 75
Apendix 1 83
요약 85
Table 1. Characteristics of participatory approaches 18
Table 2. Pretty's typology of participation: how people participate in development... 20
Table 3. Mostert's Levels of participation 21
Table 4. Krywkow's Levels of participation 22
Table 5. Typology Interests in participation 23
Table 6. Changes in the "new rurality" and the provision of services 34
Table 7. Characterization of the informants 40
Table 8. Interview questions and research objectives 40
Table 9. Segments Business Model Canvas 44
Table 10. Business Model Canvas Components 44
Table 11. Cycle of the water supply and wastewater management program in rural... 52
Table 12. Participatory approach methodologies, who participate and participation... 59
Table 13. Phases of drinking water and basic sanitation projects and participatory... 60
Table 14. Contributions of the use of participatory approaches 63
Table 15. Factors affecting the application of participatory approach methodologies 65
Table 16. Business Model Canvas (Non Profit). Participatory approaches in planning of projects 70
Figure 1. Levels and classes of participatory methods 24
Figure 2. Phases of a participation process 25
Figure 3. Framework of the study 36
Figure 4. Institutional framework for the drinking water and basic sanitation sector 37
Figure 5. Percentage of households with aqueduct utility and sewerage utility 38
Figure 6. The Business Model Canvas 43
Figure 7. Public policies associated with drinking water and basic sanitation 46
Figure 8. Schema planning projects 54