Title Page
Contents
List of Abbreviations 10
Abstract 11
CHAPTER I. Introduction 12
1.1. Hypothesis and objectives of the study 13
1.2. Limitation of the study 13
CHAPTER II. Literature Review 14
2.1. Importance of forests 15
2.2. Conditions of forests in Myanmar 16
2.3. Forests for socio-economic and environmental benefit 18
CHAPTER III. Methodology 20
3.1. Study areas 20
3.2. Forest cover in study areas 21
3.2.1. Forest cover in Myanaung Township 21
3.2.2. Forest cover in Labutta Township 23
3.3. Survey design 25
3.4. Data collection and analysis 25
CHAPTER IV. Results and Discussion 27
4.1. Conditions of climate in study areas 27
4.1.1. Climatic conditions in Myanaung Township 27
4.1.2. Climatic conditions in Labutta Township 28
4.2. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents 30
4.3. Fuelwood usage in study areas 32
4.4. Uses of minor forest products of local people 33
4.5. Deforestation status within 10-year periods 35
4.6. Perceptions of local people about drivers of deforestation in study areas 35
4.7. Effect of deforestation in study areas 38
CHAPTER V. Conclusion and Recommendations 43
5.1. Conclusion 43
5.2. Recommendations 44
Literature Cited 45
Appendices 49
Appendix I. Trees and Plant Species in Hinthada District 49
Appendix II. Trees and Plants Species in Labutta Distric 51
Appendix III. Research Questionnaire 54
요약 (Abstract) 65
Table 1. Forest covers of Myanmar 17
Table 2. Current uses of minor forest products in study areas 34
Table 3. Effects of deforestation by forest types in study areas 39
Table 4. Impacts of deforestation in mixed deciduous forest and mangrove... 40
Figure 1. Forest types and area in Myanmar 18
Figure 2. Location of Myanaung Township and Labutta Township in... 21
Figure 3. Forest cover changes in Myanaung Township in 2005-2015 22
Figure 4. Forest cover changes in Labutta Township in 2005-2015 24
Figure 5. Average temperature and average rainfall data of Hinthada... 27
Figure 6. Annual rainfall data of Hinthada District from the year 2006 to... 28
Figure 7. Average temperature, average rainfall and humidity data of... 29
Figure 8. Annual rainfall data of Labutta District from the year 2006 to... 29
Figure 9. Livelihood of local people in Myanaung and Labutta Township 30
Figure 10. Comparison of income from forests depending on forest types 32
Figure 11. Source of fuelwood in study areas 33
Figure 12. Drivers of deforestation in study areas, Myanaung Township 36
Figure 13. Drivers of deforestation in study areas, Labutta Township 37