Title Page
Contents
List of abbreviations 10
Abstract 14
Chapter 1. Introduction 16
1.1. Background 16
1.2. Tanzania's Location and Physical Features 18
1.3. Geographic information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) Technology application in Tanzania 19
1.4. Global Application of GIS and RS 20
1.5. Change detection Techniques for Monitoring Habitats 21
1.6. Statement of the research problem 23
1.7. Justification and significance of the study 25
1.8. Research Objectives 25
1.9. Research questions and Research Hypothesis 25
Chapter 2. Literature Review 26
2.1. Remote Sensing (RS) 26
2.2. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 27
2.3. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVT). 27
2.4. Ecosystem change and multi-temporal imagery 29
2.5. Using the NDVI to monitor responses to environmental change 31
2.6. Satellite RS and GIS as an effective and powerful tool in Change detection 33
Chapter 3. Research Methodology 35
3.1. Study area 36
3.1.1. Location and size of Ugalla River 36
3.1.2. Climate 37
3.1.3. Hydrology 38
3.1.4. Vegetation 39
3.2. Methods and Materials used in Data Collection 40
3.3. Image differences method for detecting the changes 40
3.4. Types of Data Used 41
Chapter 4. Results and Discussion 44
4.1. Results 44
4.2. Scenarios obtained 45
4.2.1. Scenario: Image difference (06-05) 45
4.2.2. Scenario: Image difference (07-05) 45
4.2.3. Scenario: Image difference (07-06) 45
4.2.4. Scenario: Image difference (09-05) 45
4.2.5. Scenario: Image difference (09-07) 45
4.2.6. Climate variability and vegetation growth 52
4.3. Discussion 55
4.3.1. Causes for the changes, and problems resulting from changes in land use and land cover on the edge of Ugalla River 60
4.4. Limitations 62
4.5. Future work 62
Chapter 5. Conclusions and Recommendations 63
5.1. Conclusions 63
5.2. Recommendations 64
References 66
Appendices 1. (제목없음) 72
Abstract in Korean 74
Table 1. Landsat images used in this study 43
Table 2. Summary of Classification statistics for NDVI image differences used 56
Fig 1. Research Methodology Flow chart 35
Fig 2. A map of Ugalla River Game Reserve, Tanzania 37
Fig 3. Average rain days in Tabora Region, Tanzania 57
Fig 4. Average monthly temperature in Tabora region 58
Plate 1. Diff 06-05 46
Plate 2. Diff 07-05 47
Plate 3. Diff 07-06 48
Plate 4. Diff09-05 50
Plate 5. Diff09-07 51