Title Page
Abstract
List of Abbreviations
Contents
CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION 15
1.1. Background 15
1.2. Problem Statement 17
1.3. Objectives of the Study 19
1.4. Research hypothesis 20
1.5. Research Questions 20
1.5.1. Specific Questions 20
1.6. Scope of the Study 21
1.7. Significance of the study 22
1.8. Organization of the Study 24
CHAPTER TWO. LITERATURE REVIEW 27
2. Introduction 27
2.1. Ghana educational system 27
2.2. Background of Education Policies in Ghana 28
2.3. Education Policy Reforms in Ghana 29
2.4. Education Policy Framework in Ghana 34
2.5. Abolition of School Fees 36
2.5.1. The Capitation Grant Policy 36
2.6. Gender Gap in Education 42
2.7. Allocation of Education Resources 43
CHAPTER THREE. METHODOLOGY 45
3. Introduction 45
3.2. Sources of data 45
3.2.1. Primary data 45
3.2.2. Secondary data 45
3.3. Data collection 46
3.4. Variables 46
3.4.1. Quantitative variables 47
3.4.2. Qualitative variables 48
3.5. Data Analysis and Presentation 50
3.5.1. Framework of analysis 50
3.5.2. Trends Analysis 51
3.5.3. Correlation 51
3.6. Limitations of the Study 52
CHAPTER FOUR. FINDINGS 54
4. Introduction 54
4.1. Quantitative analysis of FCUBE policy 55
4.1.1. Primary School Enrollment (Gross) 55
4.1.2. Primary School Completion Rate 57
4.1.3. Girl-child education - Gender Parity Index 58
4.2. Qualitative indicators of Primary Education 60
4.2.1. Trained Teachers 60
4.2.2. Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) 61
4.2.3. Pupils' Cognitive achievement 62
4.3. Impact of Government expenditure in primary education 64
4.3.1. Correlation Analysis (Quantitative measures) 64
4.3.2. Correlation Analysis (Qualitative measures) 66
4.4. Results of findings 69
CHAPTER FIVE. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 71
5. Introduction 71
5.1. Quantitative measures 71
5.1.1. Financing for FCUBE policy 71
5.1.2. Government expenditure on primary education 72
5.2. Qualitative measures 72
5.2.1. Continuous Teacher Development 72
5.2.2. Increasing teacher motivation 73
5.2.3. Increasing educational resources for students 73
5.3. Conclusion 74
REFERENCES 75
요약 78
Table 1. Research plan 25
Table 2. Correlations between government expenditure on primary schools and qualitative... 66
Table 3. Correlations between government expenditure on primary schools and qualitative... 69
Table 4. Summary of findings 70
Figure 1. Conceptual framework showing the impact of the FCUBE policy on primary... 50
Figure 2. Primary school enrollment (1990-2015) 56
Figure 3. Primary school completion rate (1990-2015) 58
Figure 4. Gender Parity Index (2990-2015) 59
Figure 5. Trained teachers in primary education (1990-1015) 60
Figure 6. Pupil-teacher ratio (1990-2015) 62
Figure 7. Pupils cognitive achievement (1990-2011) 63
Figure 8. Government expenditure on primary education (1990-2012) 64