Title Page
Contents
Abbreviations 11
Abstract 13
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 14
Background 14
Purpose of the Study 19
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW 22
Global Water and Sanitation Aid 23
Trends in Aid to Water 28
Flow of Foreign Aid to Afghanistan 30
Post-War WASH Policies and Programs in Afghanistan 39
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODS 45
Target Area 45
Data Collection 46
Data Analysis 50
CHAPTER IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 51
Demographic Information 51
Assessing Foreign Aid 54
Evaluation of Access to Water 60
Adequate Sanitation and Hygiene Practice 66
Discussion 73
Drinking Water 73
Sanitation and Hygiene 75
Involvement of Private Sector 77
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION 78
Summary 78
Recommendations 79
REFERENCES 84
Appendix 88
한글초록 93
Table 1. Afghanistan's Water Sector Development, Key Players, ANDS 43
Table 2. Demographic Characteristics. 51
Table 3. Evaluation of foreign fid provided to Afghanistan and other opportunities... 54
Table 4. Main source of drinking-water for Afghan households 61
Table 5. Fetching the water for households in Afghanistan 62
Table 6. Treating water to make it safer to drink 63
Table 7. Ways to make the water safer to drink 64
Table 8. Responsible authority for maintaining the water point 65
Table 9. Hygiene education in the communities 66
Table 10. Type of toilet facility Afghan people use 67
Table 11. Who helped you construct the latrine? 67
Table 12. Places for the disposal of household waste/garbage 68
Table 13. the key times Afghan people usually wash their hands 69
Table 14. What do you usually use in washing hands? 70
Table 15. Have you heard any health/hygiene messages for the last 3 months? 71
Table 16. Channel of communication or mechanisms Afghan people prefer most to... 71
Figure 1. Aid to water and sanitation 29
Figure 2. Aid to Afghanistan 33
Figure 3. Top 20 aid recipients, 1960-2013 total 35
Figure 4. Afghanistan's top 10 donors, 1960-2014 37
Figure 5. Target Area, Afghanistan 46
Figure 6. Over all evaluation of foreign aid 58
Figure 7. Contentment of Afghan people with access to drinking water 60