Title Page
Contents
Abstract 11
I. Introduction 13
II. Materials and Methods 19
1. Study site 19
1.1. South Jeollanam-do Wando County 19
2. Experiment design 19
3. Sample collection 20
4. Histological methods 20
4.1. Dissection 21
4.2. Fixation and Re-fixation 21
4.3. Tissue processing 21
4.4. Wax embedding 21
4.5. Sectioning 22
4.6. Staining 22
4.7. Mounting 24
5. Photography 24
6. Anatomical examination 24
7. Histological assessment 24
III. Results 27
1. First sampling (0 weeks) 27
1.1. Anatomical measurement 27
2. Second sample (one week after applying bio-energy water) 32
2.1. Anatomical measurement 32
2.2. Juveniles' adductor muscle histology evaluation 34
3. Third sampling (two weeks after applying bio-energy water) 37
3.1. Anatomical measurement 37
3.2. Juveniles' adductor muscle histology evaluation 39
4. Fourth sampling (three weeks after applying bioenergy water) 42
4.1. Anatomical measurement 42
4.2. Juveniles' adductor muscle histology evaluation 44
5. Fifth sampling (four weeks after applying bioenergy water) 47
5.1. Anatomical measurement 47
5.2. Juveniles' adductor muscle histology evaluation 49
IV. DISCUSSION 53
VI. Reference 61
Table 1. Body weight and shell measurement of abalones in first sampling at 0 weeks 28
Table 2. Body weight and shell measurement of abalones in second sample at 1 weeks 33
Table 3. Body weight and shell measurement of abalones in third sample at 2 weeks 38
Table 4. Body weight and shell measurement of abalones in fourth sample at 3 weeks 43
Table 5. Body weight and shell measurement of abalones in fifth sample at 5 weeks 48
Fig. 1. Changes in morphological features of muscle degeneration of... 26
Fig. 2. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone before applying... 31
Fig. 3. Photos of the adductor muscle of abalone in general water... 35
Fig. 4. Photos of the adductor muscle of abalone in bio-energy... 36
Fig. 5. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone in general water after... 40
Fig. 6. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone in bio-energy water... 41
Fig. 7. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone in general water after... 45
Fig. 8. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone in bio-energy water... 46
Fig. 9. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone in general water after... 50
Fig. 10. Photos of adductor muscle of abalone in bio-energy water... 51
Fig. 11. Adductor muscle recovery in juvenile abalone in control group... 52