Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 11
1.1. Rationale 11
1.2. Aim and Scope 13
1.3. Study Objectives 13
1.4. Methodology 14
1.5. Structure of the Dissertation 14
CHAPTER TWO: GENERAL CONCEPT OF STRADDLING FISH STOCKS AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS 17
2.1. Definition 17
2.2. Overview of the Conserving and Managing Operation of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 19
2.2.1. The Current State of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 19
2.2.2. The Reasons of the Overexploitation of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 21
2.2.3. The Disadvantages of the Current Conservation and Management Regime 24
CHAPTER THREE: THE REGULATIONS OF STRADDLING FISH STOCKS AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS FISH STOCKS AGREEMENT 1995 27
3.1. International Fisheries and Related Instruments Pertaining to Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 27
3.1.1. Historical Development of Fisheries International Regulation 27
3.1.2. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 29
3.1.3. The 1995 United Nation Fish Stocks Agreement 33
3.2. The Regulations of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks under the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement 1995 34
3.2.1. General Principles 34
3.2.2. The Precautionary Approach 37
3.2.3. Compatibility of Conservation and Management Measures 41
3.2.4. Mechanisms for Cooperation among States 46
3.2.5. Non-Members and Non-Participants 52
3.2.6. Flag State Duties 56
3.2.7. Compliance and Enforcement 60
3.2.8. Special Requirement of Developing State 63
3.2.9. Peaceful Dispute Settlement 66
CHAPTER FOUR: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED NATION FISH STOCKS AGREEMENT 1995 72
4.1. The Implementation of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations 73
4.1.1. The Western & Central Pacific Fisheries Commission 73
4.1.2. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 81
4.2. The Implementation of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement of States 86
4.2.1. New Zealand 86
4.2.2. European Union 93
4.3. The Challenges of the Implementation of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement in Conserving and Managing Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks 100
4.3.1. Legislation 100
4.3.2. Regional Fisheries Management Organizations 104
4.3.3. States 109
CHAPTER FIVE: PROPOSING SOME SOLUTIONS TO STRENGTHEN THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF STRADDLING FISH STOCKS AND HIGHLY MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS 116
5.1. Addressing the Legislation Issue 116
5.2. Deterring, Preventing, Eliminating IUU Fishing 118
5.3. Improving Database and Information 120
5.4. Enhancing Capacity of States 121
5.5. Assisting Developing Countries 122
5.6. Strengthening the Cooperation among RFMOs and RFMOs' members 123
5.7. Dealing with Problems of Flag States' Control 125
5.8. Improving the Port State Measures 127
5.9. Encouraging Active Participation 130
5.10. Promoting Public Education and Awareness 131
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION 135
REFERENCES 138