Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
ABBREVIATION 18
CHAPTER 1: ANIMAL AND ANIMAL COMMODITIES EXPORTING FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN GLOBAL TRADE 21
1.1. INTRODUCTION 21
1.2. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND EXPORT ANIMAL COMMODITIES 23
1.2.1. Animal commodities in total value of DCs exporting 23
1.2.2. Livestock in contribution of animal product export 25
CHAPTER 2: MEAT, ANIMAL AND ANIMAL COMMODITIES WITH SANITARY - PHYTOSANITARY REQUIREMENTS 28
2.1. INTERNATIONAL SPS PROVISIONS 28
2.1.1. Sanitary and phytosanitary agreement (Uruguay Round) 28
2.1.2. International organizations and standards 31
2.1.3. Provision of SPS Agreement for DCs 39
2.2. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANTIARY MEASURES WITH FREE TRADE 41
2.2.1. Animal welfare in relation with SPS measures in free trade 43
2.2.2. Product versus process issues in exporting animal commodities 45
CHAPTER 3: SPS MEASURES IMPACT INTO EXPORTING MEAT, ANIMALS AND ANIMALS PRODUCT FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 55
3.1. SPS MEASURES IMPACTS ON MARKET ACCESS 55
3.1.1. Quantify and classify of SPS provisions in import countries 56
3.1.2. Database need and recent initiatives in regional and national level 67
3.2. OBSTACLES IN APPLICATION, PATICIPATION AND INTERPRETATION SPS PROVISIONS 73
3.2.1. Original country and designated products with SPS measures to prevent threaten into human health and animal life reason 73
3.2.2. Scientific justification and science evidence in SPS Agreement 79
3.2.3. Scientific evidence and risk assessment 87
3.2.4. Unconformity access capable capacity of developing countries 100
3.2.5. Animal welfare in relation with SPS measures provisions and potential impact into trade 110
3.3. CATALYST AFFECTS OF SPS PROVISIONS ON EXPORTING MEAT, ANIMAL AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 117
3.3.1. Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) 119
3.3.2. Stringent provisions and interpretation of WTO for other appropriate level of protection 129
3.3.3. Technical assistance 140
3.4. RESPONSES OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES TO SPS OBTACLES AND CATALYST 156
3.4.1. Implication SPS Agreement 156
3.4.2. Revision of transparency mechanisms 159
3.4.3. Anticipation into international round and committee 161
3.4.4. Revision of developing country SPS systems 164
CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDIES CONCERNING SPS MEASURES WITH EXPORT MEAT PRODUCT FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 166
4.A. ARGENTINA EXPORTS BEEF TO UNITED STATES(DISPUTE DS 447/WTO/2014) 166
4.1. FACTUAL ASPECT 166
4.2. ISSUES CONCERNING SPS MEASURES AND HOLDING OF THE PANEL 174
4.B. NAMIBIA EXPORTS BEEFS INTO EUROPEANUNION 236
4.1. NAMIBIA HUSBANDRY OVERVIEW 236
4.2. NAMIBIA EXPORT ANIMAL AND ANIMAL PRODUCT (CATTLE) TO E.U. 244
CHAPTER 5: VIETNAM CURRENT SITUATION AND COUNTERMEASURES 255
5.1. VIETNAM HUSBANDRY INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 255
5.1.1. General geography, population and economic 255
5.1.2. Animal product and breeding industry 258
5.1.3. Vietnamese provisions about animal health and food safety 262
5.2. AHDERE CHALLENGES FOR VIETNAM HUSBANDRY INDUSTRY 266
5.2.1. Traditional husbandry and breeding animal 267
5.2.2. Animal and animal products structure 270
5.2.3. Veterinary services in Vietnam 272
5.2.4. Vietnam govern the implementation of the existence WTO SPS rules 279
5.3. COUNTERMEASURES FOR EXPORTING MEAT, ANIMAL AND ANIMAL COMMODITITES OF VIETNAM 284
5.3.1. Technical assistance and other support from donors 284
5.3.2. Enhanced regional and bilateral cooperation 288
5.3.3. Risk assessment 291
5.3.5. Harmonization standards 292
CONCLUSION 296
REFERENCES 300